Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack

Her father, who ran a wholesale produce business in Los Angeles, had been taken from his home on Pearl Harbor night by fbi agents and was held for months in federal detention centers at Terminal Island and in Montana. The reason He was suspected of disloyalty because he had donated 25 to an entertainment fund for visiting Japanese midshipmen at Los Angeles. When the charges were finally dropped, he was allowed to join his family in one of the relocation camps. A simple act of hospitality had been interpreted as treason. Aki s relocation terminated her studies at ucla. Fifty years later, university officials at last made amends when they awarded her the degree she had lost in the hysteria after Pearl Harbor was attacked. 

The C/55 West Virginia and the C/55 Tennessee bum during the December 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The attack drew the United States into World War II and set in motion congressional funding for fission research. 

At the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, no other plant existed in the U.S. capable of making anything larger than small arms ammunition. There was no knowledge elsewhere there were no detailed plans for whole industries elsewhere. Without the industrial know-how developed at Picatinny, the rapid conversion of commercial concerns to mass ammunition manufacture would have been impossible... 

The timing of the petroleum companies entry into the chemical industry determined their long-term position in the industry. The four that commercialized petrochemicals before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor— Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon by 1993), Shell, Standard Oil of California (Chevron by 1993), and Phillips—were the first movers. By the 1950s they had become the leaders in the basic feedstocks and commodity polymers such as polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polypropylene. Those companies that entered after 1941 achieved success by focusing on specific niche products in the manner of the smaller U.S. companies. As shown in Table 1.1, these include Arco (Atlantic Refining Company), Amoco (Standard Oil of Indiana), Ashland, and BP America (acquirer of Standard Oil of Ohio). 

Churchill received Hankey s memo on Sunday, 7 December — the day the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Two weeks later he flew to the USA for the first Washington Conference leaving the whole subject in the hands of the Chiefs of Staff. On 2 January 1942 the Defence Committee met in Churchill s absence and discussed biological warfare. The minutes are a model of official discretion Lord Hankey was authorised to take such measures as he might from time to time deem appropriate to enable us without undue delay to... 

The man who conceived and planned the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander in Chief of the Japanese Combined Fleet, had few illusions about the ultimate success of a war against the United States. He had studied at Harvard and served as a naval attach in Washington and knew America s strength. But if war had to come he meant to give a fatal blow to the enemy fleet when it was least expected, at the outset. By that act he hoped he could win his country six months to a year during which it might establish its Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and dig ia... 

The torpedoes had been a challenge. Pearl Harbor was only forty feet deep. Torpedoes dropped from planes routinely sank seventy feet or more before bobbing up to attack depth. The Japanese had to reduce that plunge signficantly or bury their weapons in the Pearl mud. 

The Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, finally precipitated the entry of the United States into the war against not only Japan but Germany and Italy as well. Immediately U.S. atomic bomb development accelerated. 

Compton reported back on November 6, just one month and a day before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7,1941, brought the United States into World War II (Germany and Italy declared war on the United States three days later). Compton s committee concluded that a criti mass of between two and 100 kilograms of uranium-235 would produce a powerful fission bomb and that for 50-100 million isotope separation in sufficient quantities could be accomplished. Although the Americans were less optimistic than the British, they confirmed the basic conclusions of the MAUD committee and convinced Bush to forward their findings to Roosevelt under a cover letter on November 27. Roosevelt did not respond until January 19,1942 when he did, it was as commander cWef of a nation at war. The President s handwritten note read, V. B. OK—returned—I think you had best keep this in your own safe FDR. 20... 

My military service would have been in jeopardy had not my army commission arrived a week before the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. My application for military service had been filed shortly after beginning my medical studies, but there was a long delay while the War Department sought to verify my citizenship. 

Suddenly, the music was interrupted. An excited voice was reading an urgent news bulletin. Pearl Harbor, bastion of the United States Navy in the Pacific, was under attack. Japanese planes were bombing the vast complex, the harbor, the adjacent airfields. 

Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, and the declaration of war by the United States, Allied headquarters began to pay greater attention to the possibility of waging chemical warfare under tropical conditions. This not only highlighted the military value of Porton s research facilities in the Far East, but strengthened collaborative projects and the sharing of resources, expertise and production facilities between Britain, the United States, Canada, Australia, India, and South Africa.Reports... 

McMillin, Chemical Officer, Hawaiian Chemical Depot, was prepared to issue 60,000 service gas masks when, less than an hour after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor began. Colonel Unmacht, department chemical officer, ordered distribution. The departmental CWS also stocked about 90 tons of bleach, no tons of chemicals for impregnating permeable protective clothing, and nearly 2j,ooo gallons of noncorrosive decontaminating agent. Several thousand hand decontaminating apparatus and a completely inadequate supply of personal protective ointment completed the defensive stock. ... 

Concerns about Alaska s vulnerability (at extremely high levels after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941), coupled with the need to... 

On December 7, Japanese planes attack the US Navy base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, drawing America into World War II. 

America entered the war in December 1941 following the Japanese attack on the US Navy base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Just four months later Congress appropriated 133 million to fund fission research. Eventually the project would grow beyond that amount, and by the time the atomic bomb was developed, some 20 billion would be spent on its creation. In addition, more than 130,000 people would play a role in the bomb s development. 

USS West Virginia and USS Tennessee on fire during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, 7th December, 1941 (photo), American Photographer, (20th century)/ Private Collection/Peter Newark Military Pictures/The Bridgeman Art Library 29... 

This group decision was perhaps the real cause of the Challenger explosion. This and other historical fiascoes, including failure to anticipate the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, the escalation of the Vietnam war, the Watergate cover-up, the Iran-Contra affair, and the Chernobyl reactor tragedy, resulted from teams of well-intentioned professionals making imwise and at-risk decisions. 

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