Pea, Lathyrus

Stimulation - excitatory amino acids -headache, confusion, hallucinations Red alga (red tide), Green alga Mushrooms - Amanita family (fly agaric), flat pea [Lathyrus] Kainic acid, domoic acid -concentrated in shellfish, Ibotenic acid, muscarinic acid, (hallucinations) Latthyrism - motor neuron degeneration... 

Ofher legumes that are commonly grown in gardens include the Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda), Chinese wisteria (W sinensis), and related species. The sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) is also commonly grown as an attractive, climbing plant. 

Cardiotoxicity of primary amines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol) was noted earlier, and has been recognized for nearly 100 years. The vascular toxicity of these and related compounds has also recently been recognized. The effects seem to focus on medial cells of the artery wall, rather than on adventitial or endothelial cells. Early changes include loss of medial cells, mineralization, and loss of elastic fibers. Later there is a compensatory proliferation of intimal cells. The vascular toxicity of two related compounds is particularly striking. One of these compounds, allylamine, will be discussed near the end of this chapter. The second is )S-aminoproprionitrile ()S-APN), which is the active agent in the toxic sweet pea, Lathyrus odoratus. Consumption of flour derived from this plant results in lathyrism, a condition often seen in children and young... 

Paneda, C., Villar, A.V., Alonso, A., Goni, F.M., Varela, F., Brodbeck, U., Leon, Y., Varela-Nieto, I. and Jones, D.R. Purification and characterization of insulin-mimetic inositol phosphoglycan-like molecules from grass pea (Lathyrus sati-vus) seeds. Mol. Med., 2001, 7, 454—460. 

Some species in the Vicieae produce additional compounds to the main types. We found, for example, that the sweet pea, Lathyrus odoratus, proved to be almost unique in the tribe in synthesizing two 3-ethylchromones. Such chromones had not been found before in nature. Furthermore, one of them, 5,7-dihydroxy-3-ethylchromone, was significantly more fungltoxlc than plsatln (15). Last year, Fuchs and his co-workers at Wageningen (16) reported further phy-toalexlns in the sweet pea, two o-hydroxydlhydrochalcones, odoratol and methylodoratol. 

T (A reaction in which aldehydes form an a, /Tunsaturated aldehyde linkage is referred to as an aldol condensation. In condensation reactions a small molecule, in this case H20, is removed.) In a disease called lathyrism, which occurs in humans and several other animals, a toxin (/J-aminopropionitrile) found in sweet peas (Lathyrus odoratus) inactivates lysyl oxidase. Consider the abundance of collagen in animal bodies and suggest some likely symptoms of this malady. 

The skeletal and vascular form of lathyrism (odoratism) produced by feeding sweet peas (Lathyrus odoratus) or p-aminopropionitrile (SIS) bears certain resemblances to scurvy. Only a single observation is recorded about any possible connection. The production of odoratism in rats was not modified by feeding them 12 mg ascorbic acid daily (LIO). 

One of the most wonderful sights and scents of summer is a vase of freshly picked sweet peas Lathyrus odoratus) in shades of pink, white, yellow, blue, purple, and burgundy. By growing your own, you can pick a bunch every couple of days—and the more you pick, the longer your plants will produce flowers through the summer months. 

Sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus 1 Neuropathy (lathyrism) after chronic use... 

Chavan U, Shahidi F, Naczk M (2001) Extraction of condensed tannins from beach pea Lathyrus maritimus L.) as affected by different solvents. Food Chem 75(4) 509-512... 

Korus J, Witczak M, Juszczak L, Ziobro R. Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) starch as an alternative for cereal starches rheological properties and retrogradation susceptibility. J Food Eng 2008 88 528-534. 

A problem with the pulses is the presence of various types of toxin, some of which are only destroyed by prolonged heat. For example, soya beans contain a trypsin inhibitor. Aflatoxins produced by the mould Aspergillus flavus, which may contaminate groundnuts, have been found to damage the liver and cause carcinoma in various species. These substances have restricted the use of groundnuts both for human and animal nutrition. Lathyrism (page 419), which may produce permanent paralysis, results from the consumption of large quantities of the pea. Lathyrus sativus, usually when the main crops have failed. 

A number of heterocycHc substituted aminobutanoic acids occur in legumes. The sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus) contains 3.5% (dry matter) P-(isoxazoHn-5-on-2-yl)alanine, a higher homologue also known as a-amino-Y-(isoxazolin-5-on-l-yl)butanoic acid or 2-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)isoxazolin-5-one (2-74). This... 

Flow enzyme reactors for BAs (putrescine and histamine) have also been tested with spectrophotometric detection of enzymatically produced hydrogen peroxide by a per-oxidase/guaiacol system. The system was based on the immobilized amine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) from grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) (Frebort et al., 2000). 

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