Pattern of fatty acids

Stereospecific analysis of milk fat fractions containing triacylglycerols of different molecular weight have shown that, for fatty acids of chain length C4 to Ci6, the general pattern of fatty acid distribution in normal milk fat is similar to the pattern of distribution in the triacylglycerol fractions of different... 

Choi, I.W., Jeon, I. J. 1993. Patterns of fatty acids released from nilk fat by residual lipase during storage of ultra-high temperature processed milk. J. Dairy Sci. 76, 78-85. 

Figure 2. Simplified diagram shows packing patterns of fatty acids in the solid phase, (a) and (b) Hydrocarbon tails (straight lines) aligned at different angles to the line of the polar head groups (circles), (c) Head to tail packing, (d) Head to head packing.

The changes in heart mitochondrial phospholipids when rats are fed peanut oil, LEAR oil, or HEAR oils are shown in Table XIX. The pattern of fatty acids in each of the three phospholipids is very similar to that observed for the total cardiac phospholipids shown in Tables XIV to XVI as pointed out by Blomstrand and Svensson (1974) who found no significant difference in the relative distribution of phospholipids between mitochondrial and total heart phospholipids. Some of the phospholipid fatty acid patterns that have been reported are at variance with the generally accepted values. This could be the result of insufficient purification of mitochondrial lipids or improper procedures of lipid extraction (Rouser et ai, 1968 Kuksis, 1978). 

The oil bodies of C. abyssinica synthesized fatty acids from [ Cjmalonyl-CoA and triacylglycerols from [ C]palmitoyl-CoA or [ C]glycerol-3-P (Gurr et al., 1974). Evidence that this was not due to contamination was, first, that the fat fraction synthesized a pattern of fatty acids (predominantly erucic acid) totally different from that of other subcellular fractions and, second, that of all the fractions tested only the fat fraction had an appreciable specific activity for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. In ultrastructural studies, no inclusions could be seen in Crambe oil bodies, and it was concluded that the enzymes were contained in a bounding membrane or in granular material that was always associated with the oil body fraction (Fig. 12). 

Pattern of Fatty Acids Released from Diacyisulfoquinovosylglycerol by an Enzyme from Phaseolus mumflorus"... 

The effects of CLA on the pattern of fatty acids in milk fat provides insight into the mechanism by which CLA decreases milk fat yield. The mammary cell esterifies fatty acids of different chain lengths and saturation to form a triglyceride with fluidity... 

Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Patterns of Fatty Acids of Chol-esteryl Esters and Phosphatidylcholine... 

In any particular species, the pattern of fatty acids present in stored fat is quite consistent. For example, little difficulty is experienced in distinguishing mutton fat from the much softer beef fat. Major distortions of the pattern of dietary fatty acids are necessary to induce appreciable changes in the proportions of the different fatty acids in the fat that is stored. Nevertheless, an increase in the proportion of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids tends to occur on exposure to cold. This is necessary to maintain the liquid consistency of the fat, but it is not known how this adaptation occurs. 

The conversion of the dietary pattern of fatty acids into the characteristic pattern for the species depends on several features of metabolism. 

FRAGMENTATION PATTERNS OF FATTY ACIDS AND MODIFIED FATTY ACIDS... 

Figure 3.3 Simplified packing patterns of fatty acids in crystals (solid phase).

The mother s diet determines the pattern of fatty acids and the concentration of vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, and vitamin B-12. 

The comparison of labelling patterns of fatty acids acids of PC and DGG (Fig. 2A and 3A) showed that for the first hours of incorparation (until 12h) the linoleic acid of PC accumulated little or none radioactivity while both the linoleic and linolenic acids of DGG were largely labelled.This finding Suggested that oleic acid could be the major fatty acid donated by PC to DGG... 

However, in the current experiment, the differences in fatty acids profile were similar to those reported in the literature even if both breeds were fed at 0.8 x at/ libitum of the IB pigs. The PUFA, MUFA, C18 2 (n-6) (linoleic acid) and C18 1 (oleic acid) were also affected by the BW in both genotypes. We conclude lhat bolh genetic variation and pattern of fatty acid unsaturation during growth might contribute to explain the differences in FAMEs composition of adipose tissue of IB and LD pigs. 

Plants of course must synthesize all their storage fat from simple precursors. This occurs at a certain stage after flowering and the resulting seed oil is frequently characterized by a very specific pattern of fatty acids in which one, often of unusual structure, predominates. 

The major forms of vitamin A (apart from carotene) are the esters of retinol with long chain fatty acids. Compared with the normal pattern of fatty acids in tissue lipids, they are a relatively select group and much more saturated. Palmitic acid predominates, together with smaller quantities of stearic and oleic acids. When the esters reach the lumen of the small intestine, they are almost completely hydrolysed, absorbed into the intestinal cells and reesterified. They are transported as components of the chylomicrons to the liver where they are stored almost entirely as retinyl palmitate, regardless of the composition of the dietary esters. Modification of dietary retinyl esters to such a specific fatty acid composition requires, as in the case of the cholesterol esters, specific hydrolytic and synthetic enzymes. These occur mainly in the liver, intestine and the retina of the eye. 

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