Pathologic conditions influencing

Pathological conditions Several disease conditions influence the drug disposal and action of drug. For example ... 

On the other hand, low intensive laser irradiation (LILI) was used for endovascular treatment of blood for different pathological conditions including myasthenia [4]. However the influence of the LILI on blood cells and particularly on erythrocytes has not been investigated. 

The Heart is a fire organ and its fire can easily flare up in a pathological condition. The Heart-fire can also be rapidly increased by the influence of Liver-fire because the Liver is its mother organ. The blazing Heart-fire can easily generate fire-toxin and lead to a fire-toxin syndrome. 

Biological factors species, strain, sex, genetic factors, disease and pathological conditions, hormonal influences, age, stress, diet, tissue and organ specificity, dose, and enzyme induction and inhibition. 

There are many factors, both chemical and biological, which affect the disposition of xenobiotics. Chemical factors include size and structure, pKa, chirality, and lipophilicity. Biological factors include species, sex and strain, genetic factors, hormonal influences, disease and pathological conditions, age, stress, diet, dose, enzyme induction and inhibition, and tissue and organ specificity. All of these factors can affect the toxicity of a chemical by changing its disposition, especially its metabolism. 

The nutritional need for accessory food factors was first stated explicitly in 1905-1906, although the influence of diet in preventing or curing some diseases such as scurvy had long been known. The name vitamine was proposed in 1912, but the terminal e was dropped when it was realized that not all these compounds are nitrogenous bases. The vitamins serve as coenzymes in various metabolic processes, and the necessary quantities are usually supplied by an adequate diet or by synthesis by the intestinal flora. Vitamin deficiency can arise from a failure to absorb the compound from the gut. The symptoms of deficiency vary in different animal species, and not all the substances found necessary in other species have been shown to be essential for human nutrition. Vitamins are used for the prevention or cure of deficiency diseases and for some other pathological conditions,... 

The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors therefore improve several aspects of the plasma lipid profile. These agents may produce several favorable effects that are independent of their ability to affect plasma lipid levels.9,96 It appears that certain by-products of cholesterol metabolism act directly or influence the production of other chemical signals that adversely affect cellular function in various tissues.9 Increased production of these by-products could therefore influence a variety of pathological conditions. By controlling the production of these by-products, statins may produce a wide range of beneficial effects in addition to their ability to improve plasma lipids. 

Continued reduction or cessation in the formation of oxygen radicals (especially in the area of the mitochondria, nuclear membranes or microsomes) is eventually fatal to the cell. An uncontrolled increase in the cellular formation of superoxide dismutase (as is found in mental disease, trisomy 21, etc.) may also entail dangerous disturbances in the cellular oxygen balance. Moreover, a change in the physicochemical properties of superoxide dismutase under pathological conditions, which may lead to reduced enzyme activity and altered cell compartments, is being discussed as a further influencing factor. 

Many factors influence serum iron concentration and TIBC. Changes that may be observed in various physiological or pathological conditions are listed in Table 31-4. Day-to-day variation is quite notable in healthy people. A distinct diurnal variation results in serum iron concentrations being lower in the afternoon than morning and quite low in the evening (as low as 10 to 20 j,g/dL [2 to 4 imol/L] in healthy people). Because of the numerous causes of low serum iron concentration, results must be interpreted with caution. Furthermore, many people with mild iron deficiency have normal values for serum iron concentration and TIBC. 

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