Patent Applications in the Field

It is my hope that this monography will serve as a useful summary of the patents and patent applications in the field of mercury cadmium telluride imagers. 

Patent Applications in the Field of Fischer-Tropsch and Allied Reactions, 6 vols., C. A. Meyer Co., New York, 194 9. 

Data about patent applications in the field of production-integrated technologies that reduce waste water at source could not be obtained because the main claim of the patent application does not indicate that emissions are avoided at source. Hence, the use of keywords was not possible. Figure 2 takes up figure 1 and depicts the classes of patents and keywords we used to obtain data on patent activities at the firm level. 

The very large chemical firms were responsible for most of the patent applications in the field of end-of-pipe technologies. However, except Solvay, these patent applications were only a minor fraction of all patents that were applied by these three firms between 1991 and 1998 (see table 4, column 5). 

As already mentioned, data on patent applications in the field of recycling are obtained by using keywords. The numbers calculated by us can be regarded as upper limits for recycling technologies that reduce water pollution (see... 

Again, within our sample, the largest firms count for nearly all patent applications in the field of recycling technologies in the 1990s (see table 5). 

We measured corporate inventive activities with by means of patent applications. In order to get data about patent applications in the field of water benign process technologies we selected the patent class C02F and used keywords. 

Biocatalysis is still an emerging field hence, some transformations are more established than others.Panke et alP have performed a survey of patent applications in the area of biocatalysis granted between the years 2000 and 2004. They found that although hydrolases, which perform hydrolyses and esterifications, still command widespread attention and remain the most utilized class of enzyme (Figure 1.5), significant focus has turned towards the use of biocatalysts with different activities and in particular alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) - also known as ketoreductases (KREDs) - used for asymmetric ketone reduction. 

Arsine is used for the preparation of gallium arsenide [1303-00-0], GaAs, (17), and there are numerous patents covering this subject (see Arsenic and ARSENIC ALLOYS). The conversion of a monomeric arsinogallane to gallium arsenide has also been described (18). Gallium arsenide has important applications in the field of optoelectronic and microwave devices (see Lasers Microwave technology, Photodetectors). 

The last decade has been characterized by a huge amount of patent applications in this field. Sheldon and Degussa (now Evonik) first reported in 2001 the NHPI-catalyzed oxidation of a wide range of alkyl aromatics at 100 °C in the absence of... 

The first Squibb patent application in this field was filed in July 1951. 

The inventor of the barrier flight extruder screw is Maillefer, a pioneer in the field of extrusion. He first appiied for a patent in Switzerland on December 31, 1959 [23], and later applied for patents in various other countries. Patents were granted, among other countries, in Germany [24] and in Engiand [25]. Maillefer filed a patent application in the U.S. on December 20,1960. However, Maillefer did not obtain a patent in the U. S. because of a particular provision in U. S. patent law. Geyer from Uniroyal filed a patent application for a barrier screw on Aprii 5, 1961, several months after Maillefer s filing date [26]. 

A patent application in this field Process for preparing 2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)-imidazole has been filed [1231], using sulfuryl chloride as the dehydration reagent for the formamide. 

Recent patent review in the field of microtechnology [87] showed a decrease in the number of new microdevices, but an increase in the number of their applications and testing for various processes. 

The first methacrylic esters were prepared by dehydration of hydroxyisobutyric esters, prohibitively expensive starting points for commercial synthesis. In 1932 J. W. C. Crawford discovered a new route to the monomer using cheap and readily available chemicals—acetone, hydrocyanic acid, methanol and sulphuric acid— and it is his process which has been used, with minor modifications, throughout the world. Sheet poly(methyl methacrylate) became prominent during World War II for aircraft glazing, a use predicted by Hill in his early patents, and since then has found other applications in many fields. 

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