Single chamber

Municipal and Single-chamber incinerators Particulates, smoke, volatiles, CO, SO, Afterburner, combustion controls... 

Figure 4-71. Cluster of filter cartridges in a single chamber. Courtesy of Filterite Corp.

Figure 3.3. Electrode configuration for SEP (a) and for electrochemical promotion (or NEMCA) studies (b). The latter can be carried out using the fuel-cell type configuration (c) or the single chamber type configuration (d).

In the single-chamber type reactor (Fig. 4.1b) all three electrodes (catalyst-working (W), counter (C) and reference (R)), electrode are all in the same chamber and are all exposed to the reactants and products.1 3 In this case the counter and reference electrodes must be made from a catalytically inert (e.g. Au) material for otherwise the catalytic rate on them will obscure the measured (via gas-chromatography or mass-spectrometry, Fig. 4.2) rate on the catalyst-working electrode. 

Figure 4.1. Electrode configuration for NEMCA studies using (a) the fuel cell type reactor and (b) the single-chamber type reactor.

Qualitatively similar behaviour for methanol oxidation on Pt/YSZ was reported by Cavalca, Larsen, Vayenas and Haller51 who used the single chamber design51 instead of the fuel-cell type design of the earlier study of Neophytides and Vayenas.50 Cavalca et al51 took advantage of the electrophobic... 

The experimental setup used for the first bipolar or wireless NEMCA study is shown in Figure 12.6.8 An YSZ disc with two terminal Au electrodes and one Pt catalyst film deposited on one side and a reference Au electrode on the other side is placed in a single-chamber reactor. Ethylene oxidation on the Pt catalyst film was chosen as a model reaction.8... 

Figure B.l. (Top) Typical reactor designs used in electrochemical promotion studies singlechamber design (left) and fuel cell type design (right). (Bottom) Typical apparatus for electrochemical promotion studies using a three-pellet single chamber reactor.

Two types of continuous flow solid oxide cell reactors are typically used in electrochemical promotion experiments. The single chamber reactor depicted in Fig. B.l is made of a quartz tube closed at one end. The open end of the tube is mounted on a stainless steel cap, which has provisions for the introduction of reactants and removal of products as well as for the insertion of a thermocouple and connecting wires to the electrodes of the cell. A solid electrolyte disk, with three porous electrodes deposited on it, is appropriately clamped inside the reactor. Au wires are normally used to connect the catalyst-working electrode as well as the two Au auxiliary electrodes with the external circuit. These wires are mechanically pressed onto the corresponding electrodes, using an appropriate ceramic holder. A thermocouple, inserted in a closed-end quartz tube is used to measure the temperature of the solid electrolyte pellet. 

In the present work, we report results on the fabrication and performance of anode-supported, thin SDC el trolyte fuel cells operated in a single chamber configuration where methane and oxygen served as the gas mixture. 

The single cell thus fabricated was placed in a single chamber station as illustrated in Fig. 2. A humidified mixture of methane and oxygen was supplied to the station so that both electrode compartments were exposed to the same composition of methane and oxygen. For the measurement of the cell temperature, a thermocouple (TC) was placed approximately 4 mm away from the cathode site. For the evaluation of the fuel-cell performance, Ft wires and Inconel gauzes were used as the output terminals and electrical collectors, respectively. 

Hot reactor walls are sometimes used as a means to increase the density of the films that are deposited on the walls. This reduces the amount of adsorbed contaminants on the walls, and leads to lower outgassing rates. A hot wall is particularly of interest for single-chamber systems without a load-lock chamber. Material quality is similar to the quality obtained with a cold reactor wall [145],... 

With TOF, the ions from an ion source are accelerated linearly down a chamber containing an electrical field. The flight chamber is at very low pressure that facilitates the flight of the peptide ions with minimal collisions with other molecules. The ions travel in a linear trajectory until they impact a detector at the other end of the tube. The heavier ions travel more slowly than the lower molecular weight ions and reach the detector later. Hence, TOF analyzers derive their name from the concept that the time of flight of an ion is related to its m/z ratio and velocity within a fixed distance. Linear mode TOF analyzers contain single chambers and are not favored for proteomics applications because of their lower mass accuracy. 

Performance of Single-Chamber SOFCs with Doped-Ceria Electrolytes... 

ISO 5659-1 1996 Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 1 Guidance on optical-density testing ISO 5659-2 1997 Plastics - Smoke generation - Part 2 Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test... 

Cenosphere Mono- Isotropic or Anisotropic -spherical - subspherical in shape, single chamber, no secondary or tertiary vesiculation within the char wall, porosity 70%. 

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