Particle size reduction safety

Furthermore, pharmacokinetic administration, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) factors affect drug bioavailability, efficacy and safety, and, thus, are a vital consideration in the selection process of oral drug candidates in development pipelines. Since solubility, permeability, and the fraction of dose absorbed are fundamental BCS parameters that affect ADME, these BCS parameters should prove useful in drug discovery and development. In particular, the classification can used to make the development process more efficient.For example, in the case of a drug placed in BCS Class II where dissolution is the rate-limiting step to absorption, formulation principles such as polymorph selection, salt selection, complex formation, and particle size reduction (i.e., nanoparticles) could be applied earlier in development to improve bioavailability. 

In summary, the goal with respect to size reduction of particles for intravenous usage is to provide an acceptable size range with balance in the desired therapeutic efLcacy, safety, and formulation shelf life. Poorly water-soluble crystalline APIs are becoming increasingly good candidates for the micronization process in the preparation of biocompatible and pharmaceutically acceptable nanoparticulate formulations. 

The removal of dust particles, typically 1 to 1,000 microns in diameter, from gas streams (also called gas cleaning) is accomplished on an industrial scale by four main types of equipment (1) bag filters, (2) cyclones using centrifugal force, (3) electrostatic precipitators, and (4) venturi scrubbers using washing with a liquid. Reasons for dust collection include air-pollution control, elimination of safety and health hazards, recovery of a valuable product, improvement in the quality of other products, and reduction of equipment maintenance. Typical ranges of particle size that can be efficiently removed by each of the four methods are as follows ... 

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