Particle interactions solid bridges

What is the relationship between the micromechanical properties and the aggregate structure How does one obtain/receive detailed information about particle interactions, solid bridges, and the behavior of deformation and fracture ... 

Bridging the gap between micro- and macro-scale is the central theme of the first contribution. The authors show how a so-called Energy-Minimization Multi-Scale (EMMS) model allows to do this for circulating fluid beds. This variational type of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling allows for the resolution of meso-scale structures, that is, those accounting for the particle interactions, and enables almost grid-independent solution of the gas-solids two-phase flow. 

Bridging effects. A definite interaction is involved in this process that may include mutual diffusion or "alloying" between the substance of the particle and the surface. Liquid/solid bridging may be involved at the interface that invokes capillary forces. 

Fig. 9.17 Examples of self-assembly of nanoparticles by a) hydrophobic interactions via a shell of unfunctionalized n-alkanes. Depicted is a Schematic 2D Representation of the RS/ Au nanoparticle packing structure in the solid state. Domains or bundles of ordered al-kylthiolate chains on Au particles interdigitate into the chain domains of adjacent particles in order to compensate the free volume of the outer region of the alkyl shell (Reprinted with permission from [146] A. Badia, L. Cuc-cia, L. Demers, et al.,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 779, 2582-2592. Copyright 1997 American Chemical Society), b) Direct comparison of hydrophobic interactions and chemical bridg-...

Figure 3 shows FTIR spectra of CO adsorption on nickel magnesia catalysts. On Nim Mg(,2>oO and Ni/MgO catalysts, linear (2100-2000 cm ), bridge (2000-1850 cm ) and physisorbed Ni(CO)4 (2057 cm ) were mainly observed. In contrast, on NidojMgo O nickel monomer and dimer carbonyl species which are interacted with MgO were mainly observed as previously reported[10]. These species were increased with the CO pressure, therefore they are found to be formed via CO induced structural change. On NioojMgj O solid solution, Ni metal particles seem to be highly dispersive. 

Figure 12.8d shows a liquid neck between solid particles in a fluid, which holds the particles together by capillary forces (see Section 10.6) the attractive interaction energy can be very large. An example is bridging of various particles in cocoa mass (a melted chocolate)—where oil is the continuous phase—induced by tiny water droplets this then gives the cocoa mass a greatly enhanced viscosity. 

This book presents coverage of the dynamics, preparation, application and physico-chemical properties of polymer solutions and colloids. It also covers the adsorption characteristics at and the adhesion properties of polymer surfaces. It is written by 23 contemporary experts within their field. Main headings include Structural ordering in polymer solutions Influence of surface Structure on polymer surface behaviour Advances in preparations and appUcations of polymeric microspheres Latex particle heterogeneity origins, detection, and consequences Electrokinetic behaviour of polymer colloids Interaction of polymer latices with other inorganic colloids Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of bridging flocculation Metal complexation in polymer systems Adsorption of quaternary ammonium compounds art polymer surfaces Adsorption onto polytetrafluoroethylene from aqueous solutions Adsorption from polymer mixtures at the interface with solids Polymer adsorption at oxide surface Preparation of oxide-coated cellulose fibre The evaluation of acid-base properties of polymer surfaces by wettability measurements. Each chapter is well referenced. 

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