Bridging solid

Solid acid catalyst Solid bridges Solid carbon dioxide... 

Solids content Ideal requirements no solids in completion and workover fluids. Practical recommendation Solids smaller than two microns can be tolerated as well as the bridging solids. The bridging solids should be (1) greater than one-half of the average fracture diameter (2) readily flushed from the hole acid or solvent soluble. 

Ability to bridge solids across its pores quickly after the feed is started (i.e., minimum propensity to bleed)... 

Posgay, G. and Imre, L. Examination of a Danube Bridge in the Course of Construction Using Barkhausen Noise Proc. 7th DAS on Experimental Methods in Solid Mechanics, Pula, 1990, Edited St. Jecic, pp. 31-32... 

While Eq. III-18 has been verified for small droplets, attempts to do so for liquids in capillaries (where Rm is negative and there should be a pressure reduction) have led to startling discrepancies. Potential problems include the presence of impurities leached from the capillary walls and allowance for the film of adsorbed vapor that should be present (see Chapter X). There is room for another real effect arising from structural peiturbations in the liquid induced by the vicinity of the solid capillary wall (see Chapter VI). Fisher and Israelachvili [19] review much of the literature on the verification of the Kelvin equation and report confirmatory measurements for liquid bridges between crossed mica cylinders. The situation is similar to that of the meniscus in a capillary since Rm is negative some of their results are shown in Fig. III-3. Studies in capillaries have been reviewed by Melrose [20] who concludes that the Kelvin equation is obeyed for radii at least down to 1 fim. 

Fig. III-3. Comparison of Eq. III-18 (solid line) with experimental results for cyclohexane bridges formed between crossed mica cylinders the dashed line is the calculation including Eq. III-20 (from Ref. 19).

The solid anhydrous halides of some of the transition metals are often intermediate in character between ionic and covalent their structures are complicated by (a) the tendency of the central metal ion to coordinate the halide ions around it, to form an essentially covalent complex, (b) the tendency of halide ions to bridge, or link, two metal ions, again tending to covalency (cf. aluminium chloride, p. 153 and iron(III) chloride, p. 394). 

A thickener has several basic components a tank to contain the slurry, feed piping and a feedwell to allow the feed stream to enter the tank, a rake mechanism to assist in moving the concentrated sohds to the withdrawal points, an underflow solids-withdrawal system, and an overflow launder. The basic design of a bridge-supported thickener mechanism is illustrated in Fig. 18-86. 

Bridging or clumping of the solids by the added fluid in order to form an agglomerate followed by settling or filtration... 

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