Partial state of charge

Valenciano J, Sanchez A, Trinidad F, Hollenkamp AF. Graphite and fiberglass additives for improving high-rate partial-state-of-charge cycle life of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries. J Power Sources 2006 158 851-863. 

FM4. Incomplete charging. Batteries operated under partial-state-of-charge duty (as experienced in remote-area power supplies and hybrid electric vehicles) require a periodic full charge in order to maintain capacity. 

Partial-state-of-charge cycling — an evolving algorithm... 

THE NEXT GREAT CHALLENGE FOR VALVE-REGULATED LEAD-ACID BATTERIES HIGH-RATE PARTIAL-STATE-OF-CHARGE DUTY IN NEW-GENERATION ROAD VEHICLES... 

The Challenge of High-rate Partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC) Duty... 

D. G. Vella, L.H. Vu, ALABC Project N1.2, Overcoming negative-plate capacity loss in VRLA batteries cycled under partial-state-of-charge duty. Final Report, July 2000 to June 2002, Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 2002. 

HRPSoC high-rate partial-state-of-charge... 

The contingency allows for the battery being in a partial state of charge before the loss of supply. The rated AH capacity and voltage are now known. Reference 3 gives other examples plus a general description of battery charging principles. 

The lead—acid battery may operate from full or partial state of charge, depending on the specific duty. On partial-state-of-charge cycling, a certain amount of small PbS04 crystals... 

The new lead/carbon acid battery design, called the Ultra battery, shows promise for use in HEV and other partial-state-of-charge applications. Scientists at CSIRO in Australia invented the Ultra battery, and Eurukawa in Japan has developed a manufacturing process that has been licensed in the United States and Europe. 

With microhybrid or mild hybrid automotive applications, there is renewed interest to further maximize power and thus minimize the electrical resistance of the battery. In these hybrid applications, the battery is likely to be operated at a partial state of charge, which means lower electrolyte gravity, partial sulfating of the active material, and less than maximum stored energy. All of these factors are working to lower the available power potential of the battery. Therefore, any strategy to further lower resistance and that of the separator is welcomed. 

It turned out that the negative electrode that contained tens-of-mi-cron-sized carbon particles in the negative active material exhibits a markedly increased high rate partial state of charge duty than a comparative material containing carbon particles with much smaller size of several microns or a material containing no activated carbon. 

K. Sawai, T. Funato, M. Watanabe, H. Wada, K. Nakamura, M. Shiomi and S. Osumi, Development of additives in negative active-material to suppress sulfation during high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation of lead-acid batteries,... 

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