Parquet polymer

Figure 2-7. Ordered networks. 0, Adamantane as an example of a cage polymer (type 0) I, Cyclized and dehydrogenated l,2-poly(butadiene) as an example of a ladder or double-strand polymer (type 1) 2, graphite as a layer or parquet polymer (type 2). ( ) Carbon-to-hydrogen bonds (— and =) carbon-to-carbon bonds.

Layer, parquet, or planar polymers of type 2 are seen in graphite and its derivatives. Diamond is a network polymer of type 3. Network polymers exist exclusively, and parquet polymers almost exclusively, in the solid state. They are also known as monoaggregatable materials. Certain cell walls of bacteria consist of baglike macromolecules, which are a special case of parquet polymers. 

In addition to carbon, many other elements can form chain structures with themselves or with other elements. Polymers that do not contain carbon atoms in the main chain are called inorganic polymers. According to the kinds of elements in the main chain, they are classed as isochains or heterochains, and, depending on the kind of linkage in the chains, they are called linear chains, ladder polymers, parquet polymers, or lattice polymers (see also Chapter 2). 

Boronitride (BN)n, on the other hand, forms a parquet polymer, very stable to oxidation and hydrolysis. It can be used up to about 2 000 C. To produce it, fibers of diboron trioxide are first formed and these are then converted to white boronitride with ammonia ... 

The relationship between the structures of the silicates and their susceptibility to trimethyl silylation is not completely clear. All the single chains, doublestrand chains, as well as some parquet polymers which have been investigated to date do not react at all, are only partially trimethyl silylated, or only yield insoluble polymers. Some parquet polymers, but very surprisingly, no single-or double-strand polymers, however, yield up to about 18% completely trimethyl silylated products soluble in organic solvents when the cations are completely removed. This solubility appears to be closely related to the aluminum content of the parquet structures silicates with high aluminum contents yield low-molar-mass products, and those with low aluminum content produce high-molar-mass polymers. All these products have received little research attention and, to date, have not found commercial application. 

Double-strand or ladder silicates with an [Si206] " structure occur naturally in hornblende. Because of its structure, hornblende is more susceptible to cleavage than augite. Mica, which occurs as a parquet polymer with the overall formula [Si40io], cleaves even more readily. 

The same phenomenon is observed in boron-nitrogen polymers. Borazines with a - BR—NR -)- chain are heat stable up to 400-500 C but are readily hydrolyzed. The parquet polymer, boronitride (BN) , on the other hand, is very resistant to hydrolysis and oxidation and can be used up to temperatures of 2000°C. Boron-oxygen compounds are heat stable but are readily hydrolyzed. Boron-carbon compounds are similarly heat stable but are very prone to oxidation. 

Flachenpolymer/ Schichtpolymer/ Schichtebenen-Polymer parquet polymer, layer polymer, phyllo polymer Partialdruck partial pressure Partikelfilter particle filter... 

Red Oak is the wood most used for the production of irradiated acrylic-wood parquet flooring,however acrylic Aspen chip board and acrylic particle board are finding their way into the flooring market. Smaller amounts of maple, ash and black walnut have been used. The polymer loading of red oak is about 40% which makes the acrylic-wood flooring quite expensive, approximately three times that of ordinary red oak parquet flooring. 

Wright, B. and du Parquet, J.PR. (1983) Degradation of polymers in multigrade lubricants by mechanical shear. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 5 425-447. 

Parquet P, Kunze A, Padeste C, Solak HH, Guersel SA, Scherer GG, et al. Influence of the solvent viscosity on surface graft-polymerization reactions. Polymer 2007 48(17) 4936—42. 

Padeste C, Parquet P, Solak HH. Surface relief polymer structures grafted onto polymer films. Microelectron Eng 2006 83(4-9) 1265-8. 

Figure 5.8 AFM images of 500 nm line patterns of polymer brushes on ETFE. (A) Topography of PAA brushes and (B) topography of PAA- Aock-PNIPAAm brushes. (C) and (D) A verage height profiles corresponding to (A) and (B), respectively. Source Reproduced from Parquet et al. [12], with permission from ACS.

Padeste C, Parquet P, Potzner C, Solak HH. Nanostructured bio-functional polymer brushes. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2006 17(ll) 1285-300. 

Thus, only a few elements form isolatable isochains. However, for all elements for which crystallographic data are available, only 11 do not have at least one macromolecular form in the crystalline state. In a study involving about 1200 crystallographically investigated compounds of two elements, only 5% were nonmacro molecular, and of the others, 1.5% were linear, 7.5% were parquet, and 86% were layer polymers. 

Parquet P, KunzeA, Padeste C, SolakHH, Alkan GurselS, Scherer GG, Wokaun A (2007) Polymer 48 4936... 

EPI, Emulsion Polymer Isocyanate, MDI, pMDI, wood adhesives, solid wood panel, parquet, window frame, furniture, plywood, finger joint, glulam beam, I-betim, cross-laminated timber... 

Polymer wood has improved mechanical properties compared to wood. It is used for window frames, sports equipment, musical instruments, and boats. A parquet floor of polymer wood does not require subsequent sealing. 

The oxidation and thermal stability can be increased by various measures. For one, the individual chains can be suitably substituted so that chemical attack on the main chain is sterically impeded or made electronically more difficult. In ladder, parquet, and lattice polymers, on the other hand, a simultaneous attack on neighboring chains is statistically improbable and additionally prevented by the close packing of the chains. 

Phosphorus also exists in several allotropic modifications. White phosphorus in the crystalline state consists of discrete P4-tetrahedral molecules and is soluble in carbon disulfide. However, on the addition of catalysts and the application of pressure, it changes first to red, then to violet, and finally to black phosphorus. For this it is necessary to have 35,000 bar at 20°C, and 12,000 bar at 200 C. Thus, the ceiling temperature in this equilibrium polymerization must lie below the melting point of white phosphorus at 1 bar. Black phosphorus possesses a complicated parquet structure similar to graphite and is a type 2 polymer that is no longer soluble in CS2. Both red and violet phosphorus possess a lower degree of polymerization. 

Quite different coordination polymers, the so-called parquet, layer , or "sheet polymers, LXXVII, have received much interest because of their possible use as semiconductors. 

For the purpose of the swelling behavior, sensitive parquet formats with bright decoration, such as beech and maple, require the development of both water- and solvent-fi-ee reactive resin flooring adhesives. In addition to epoxy, resin adhesives used in Germany are mainly polyurethane adhesives. The environment-friendly way to glue flooring is undoubtedly the use of water-based dispersion parquet adhesives. These consist of polyvinyl acetate polymer dispersions and binders such as chalk and mineral fillers. 

Chem. Descrip. Emulsion of foam destroying polymers and polysiloxanes Uses Defoamer for aq. systems, gloss and semi-gloss paints, plastic coatings, wood/parquet varnishes, furniture coatings, automotive base coats, and prod, of polymer dispersions... 

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