Parenteral Drug Carriers

O Hydrophobic group Anti-c uicer drug O Ionized sulfonamide O Un-ionized sulfonamide 

In approaching the design of new pH-sensitive polymers, researchers have modified selected SDs over a range of p a to pol3rmerizable monomers. The p a of the monomers, of the 

The effect of pH on the interaction between PA/ sulfadimethoxine nanoparticles and MCF-7 cells is presented 

A triggered release of an anticancer drug at tumor pHg ( pH 7.0) by the physical destabilization of a carrier may constitute an advantage over the previous system. This would enhance carrier accumulation at target tumor sites. In general, stable nanocarriers stay in the vicinity of a leaky tumor vasculature after extravasation because of their size (93). Their location can form an obstacle to other nanoparticles, and further accumulation may be prevented. It is assumed that if the nanoparticles disintegrate completely by the time of the subsequent administration, a multiple dose scheme may result in effective tumor targeting. 

Based on pH-sensitive biodegradable poly(jS-amino ester), another approach to the topic of carrier dissociation 

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Widder K, Flouret G, Senyei A (1979) Magnetic microspheres synthesis of a novel parenteral drug carrier. J Pharm Sci 68 79-82. 

Seki, J., et al. (2004), A nanometer lipid emulsion, lipid nano-sphere (LNS ), as a parenteral drug carrier for passive drug targeting, Int. J. Pharrn., 273(1-2), 75-83. 

Yamamoto, M. Aritomi, H. Irie, T. Hirayama, F. Uekama, K. Pharmaceutical evaluation of branched P-cyclodextrins as parenteral drug carriers. Minutes 5th International Symposium on Cyelodextrins. Duchene, D., Ed. Editions de Sante Paris, 1990 541-544. 

Yamamoto, M., Aritomi, H., Irie, T. et al. Biopharmaceutical evaluation of maltosyl-3-cyclodextrin as a parenteral drug carrier. STP Pharm. Sci. 1991,1, 397-402. 

The heptakis-(sulfobutyl)-pCD is very soluble in water. noncrystallizable. and even at extremely high doses seems to be free from any toxic side effects. It can be used as a chiral separating agent in capillary zone electrophoresis. But, the aim of intensive research is to develop it as a parenteral drug carrier, for preparation of aqueous injectable solutions of poorly soluble drugs. 

It seems to be probable that for drug carrier purposes, four or five different C.Ds will be developed and produced in the future, because no one of them alone is able to fulfill all of the strict requirements, which are usual in case of a parenteral drug carrier. 

Solid lipid nanoparticles were originally developed for parenteral drug delivery to provide a parenteral drug carrier system based on physiological compounds and a potential controlled release and/or targeting of the drug. A broad variety of drugs (e.g. doxorubicin, camptothecin, etoposide, mitoxan-trone, tamoxifen,paclitaxel, clozapine, lovastatin, bromocriptine, temozolomide, actarit and dexametha-sone °) has already been incorporated into SLN formulations and tested in vivo in mice or rat. 

Parenteral administration to man, in Liposomes as Drug Carriers Recent Trends and Progress (G. Gregoriadis, ed.), John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 795-817. 

Although successfully applied in pharmaceutics (Duchene and V fouessidjewe, 1990 Szejtli, 1994), natural CDs have certain undesirable properties limiting their usefulness as drug carriers in pharmaceutical formulations. The main drawbacks, particularly in the csffe Of, are related to parenteral toxicity and low aqueous solubility. The solubilitydED in water is only 1.85 g/100 ml, compared to 15 g/100 ml. f r-CD, and 23 g/100 ml. fop-CD. 

Nanoparticles have numerous applications in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, biomedical and semiconductor industries. For example, nanoparticles as drug carriers can increase drug efficacy, and can reduce toxicity and side effect after parenteral administration (Feng et al., 2002). Nanoparticles used for industrial applications should have desirable physical properties, including appropriate size, surface charge, surface area, porosity and mechanical strength. The functionality of... 

The drug carrier should accumulate selectively at the required site, achieve sufficient drug loading, be able to release the drug at the appropriate rate at the site of action, be stable in vitro and in transit to the target site in vivo, be biodegradable, be non-toxic and non-immunogenic, be easy and inexpensive to prepare, and be sterile for parenteral use. 

Singh, M. Ravin, L. Parenteral emulsions as drug carrier systems. J. Parenter. Sci. Technol. 1986, 40, 34—4. ... 

Uekama, K., Yamamoto, M., Me, T. and Hirayama, F. (1992) Pharmaceutical evaluation of maltosyl-p-cyclodextrin as a drug carrier in parenteral formulation. In Hedges, A.R. (ed.). Minutes of the 6th International Symposium on Cyclodextrins, pp. 491-496. Editions de Sante, Paris. 

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