Paralysis and

Approximately 500,000 Americans suffer strokes each year. Many of the 80% that survive suffer paralysis and impaired vision and speech, often needing rehabiUtation and/or long-term care. Hence, whereas treatment using rt-PA is likely to be expensive (costs are 2200/dose for treating heat attacks), the benefits of rt-PA could outweigh costs. In the case of heart attacks, the 10 times less expensive microbiaHy derived streptokinase can be used. There is currentiy no competing pharmaceutical for treatment of strokes (18,19). Consequentiy, the cost of manufacture of rt-PA may not be as dominant an issue as would be the case of other types of bioproducts. 

Autoantibodies are directed against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in myasthenia gravis, resulting in receptor loss, skeletal muscle paralysis, and dysfunction (100). In addition, antibodies directed against voltage-gated Ca " channels produce similar neuromuscular dysfunction of Lambert-Eaton... 

Of the alkaloids of the han-fang-chi group of drugs (p. 350), Ohta states that kukoline is a strong reflex and spasm stimulant and finally causes paralysis and death. Raymond-Hamet states that it suppresses the hypotensive action of dihydroxyphenylethanolethylamine. 

Hydrogen sulfide is the only thermodynamically stable sulfane it occurs widely in nature as a result of volcanic or bacterial action and is, indeed, a prime source of elemental 8 (p. 647). It has been known since earliest times and its classical chemistry has been extensively studied since the seventeenth century.H28 is a foul smelling, very poisonous gas familiar to all students of chemistry. Its smell is noticeable at 0.02 ppm but the gas tends to anaesthetize the olefactory senses and the intensity of the smell is therefore a dangerously unreliable guide to its concentration. H28 causes irritation at 5 ppm, headaches and nausea at 10 ppm and immediate paralysis and death at 100 ppm it is therefore as toxic and as dangerous as HCN. 

Multiple scelerosis is an autoimmune disease mediated by T and B lymphocytes and macrophages. This is characterized by extensive inflammation and demyelination of the myelin sheath that surrounds the nerve fiber. The death of the nerve fiber results in a variety of symptoms that can lead to impairment of movement, paralysis, and death. 

Neurotoxicity (damage to the nervous system by a toxic substance) may also be seen with the administration of the aminoglycosides. Signs and symptoms of neurotoxicity include numbness, skin tingling, circum-oral (around the mouth) paresthesia, peripheral paresthesia, tremors, muscle twitching, convulsions, muscle weakness, and neuromuscular blockade (acute muscular paralysis and apnea). 

Stage IV is the stage of respiratory paralysis and is a rare and dangerous stage of anesthesia. At this stage, respiratory arrest and cessation of all vital signs may occur. 

Tetrodotoxin poisoning has been recogniz for more than two thousand years. Japanese historical records show that the consumption of certain species of pufferOsh (Tetraodon spp.) resulted in paralytic intoxication (8), This problem continues in modern times in various i ian countries, especially Japan, where pufferfish are still regarded as a delicacy. Clinical symptoms of TTX intoxication include numbness, paralysis, and in some instances death. In fact, the "zombie state described in the Voodoo religion has been attributed to TTX in potions derived from pufferOsh (9). 

Aplysin has marked effects in mammalian tissue and produces hypotension, bradycardia, neuromuscular paralysis, and contracture of intestinal smooth muscle (85). Aplysiatoxin causes an elevation in blood pressure resistant to adrenoceptor blockade (86). 

Sleep paralysis and/or hallucinations when waking or falling asleep... 

Review patients sleep diaries to track the number of cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hallucinatory events and when they occur. 

Antispasmodic. Easing muscle cramps as well as psychological stress, elder tea has been used for headache, eyelid twitching, palsy, epilepsy, stroke, paralysis and the spasms that accompany asthma. Affected body parts can also be rubbed with elder flower infusions. Parts used flowers, berries. 

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