Parallel processing concepts

Parallel Computing System (PCS) is a system based on parallel processing conception that uses multiple processors which run simultaneously and operate independently. In the system each processor has its own private Internet Protocol (IP) address, memory and space to store data. The data is shared via a communication network. The performance of a PCS depends on the specification of each processor and the memory capacity available in the system. 

Hot oil is heated in a furnace in three parallel passes. The oil is used as a heat source in four parallel process heat exchangers. Draw a control concept diagram that achieves the following objectives ... 

The above concept of forming adhesive bonds in the solid state has been used to demonstrate the possibility of the parallel processing of a multi-chip module substrate, consisting of a multilayered polymer substrate with circuitry embedded on each polymer layer via lithographic processing [43], In this case, it is essential that the polymeric layer retains its dimensional stability so that registration and interconnections between the layers can be achieved using a Pb-Sn solder (see Fig. 28). A copolyester which appears to be ideally suited for this purpose is the 4/1 PHBA/BPT which melts at 320 °C in the randomized form... 

Tlie growth in both variety and scale of gas-phase adsorption separation processes, particularly since 1970. is due in part to continuing discoveries of new porous, high surface-area adsorbent materials (particularly molecular sieve zeolites and. especially, to improvements in tlie design and modification of adsorbents. These advances have encouraged parallel inventions of new process concepts. Increasingly, the development of new... 

Maxwell s structure is often used for modelling parallel processes. As seen in Figure 4.21, Maxwell s structure is basically RC circuits in parallel. The concept of admittance is useful because the overall admittance of parallel elements is simply the sum of the individual admittances, i.e.,... 

As political scientist Professor Kniitter pointed out, the goal behind this concept is to break up the former values system and thus to create an ideological vacuum, in which Socialist, anarchist and Communist teachings of salvation will ultimately find fertile ground. This process, he states, is augmented by the parallel process of replacing the German people with a multicultural mixture, devoid of any identity but full of revolutionary potential due to the inevitable conflicts and the concomitant social and economic problems.61... 

Biological applications of microchannels are driven by the need for cost-effective handling of very small sample volumes along with parallel processing. The Lab-on-a-Chip concept could meet this need. One example involves techniques for... 

Two-dimensional arrangements might be monolayers of clusters on a suitable substrate or two or more coupled ID arrays. While layers are accessible via self-assembly, LB, or electrodeposition, coupled arrays could be obtained by filling clusters into the parallel channels of a crystalline nanoporous solid. 2D networks of clusters might be precursors for simple neural networks, utilizing the Coulombic interaction between ballistic electrons in a 2D electron gas. This concept has been discussed by Naruse and in general introduces new possibilities for the interconnection approach in various fields, e.g. parallel processing and quantum functional devices. 

In this section, a new process concept based on dynamically operated packed beds is described in detail, where the flue gas is represented as a mixture of N2, CO2 and H2O to simplify the description. Continuous separation of these components can be obtained when three packed beds are operated in parallel in three different steps a capture, recovery and cooling step. These three steps are discussed consecutively in the following sections focusing on the evolution of axial temperature and mass deposition profiles (see Figure 2.4). 

Chain or ladder, which one is the most important The chain, without any doubt. A number of processes in physics and chemistry are serial processes that require special concepts, such as barrier, limiting step, reversibility, and so on, whereas parallel processes are less important in the sense that involved concepts are less fundamental (although important in percolation processes for instance). The case studies devoted to chain processes will be many in comparison with those devoted to ladder processes. 

Abstract To implement innovative nanometric optical processing systems as probe-free nanophotonic systems, it is necessary to exploit the unique atbibutes of nanometer-scale optical near-field interactions in a completely parallel fashion. This chapter is devoted to describing basic concepts necessary for two-dimensional parallel processing of light-matter interactions on the nanometer scale to realize probe-free nanophotonic systems. Additionally, the concepts and some demonstrations of the hierarchy inherent in nanophotonics, based on the hierarchy between optical near- and far-fields, are described as practical applications of optical near-field interactions. 

Fig. 2.1 Basic concept of nanometric parallel processing systems (a) based on existing processing protocol and (b) utilizing nanophotonics as a probe-free nanophotonic system...

The process of transcription is crucial for the implementation of this concept, and it should originate from the physical attributes associated with the material used. In our proposal, it is necessary to spatially magnify an optical near-field from the nanometric scale to the sub-micrometer scale in the resultant transcribed pattern so that it is observable in the optical far-field. It turns out that the magnification factor in the transeription should be 10-100. Once the spatial pattern is detectable in the far-field, various concepts and technologies common in parallel processing will be applicable, such as fully parallel processing [34], so-called smart pixels, or parallel processing VLSI devices [35]. 

Q7) How often did you feel the need to engage in peer discussions in order to solve the complex and multi-concept parallel processing scenarios ... 

Opposed to conventional structures of data processing systems this architecture contains multi-port devices. By this we allow implementation of data flow concepts and parallel processing and we avoid the von Neumann bottleneck due to a single link between memory and control/ operation units of classical computing systems. The most important component of the system is a 3-port paged memory which is used ... 

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