Paper wettability

Paper wettability by polystyrene based toner has been studied by Lee (3). Wax/polymer coating of paper and paperboard has been investigated by Swanson and Becher (4), Glossman (5 ), and more recently by Fredholm and Westfelt (60. In the coating studies it was believed that surface energetics of the paper structure played a fundamental role in the spreading process and subsequent adhesion of polymer to the paper surface. 

The fibre lignin content is a central issue since high lignin contents tend to impact negatively on strength development in paper and paper wettability, as well as on the long-term stability of paper. Figure 7.2 shows... 

J. Chen, G. J. Hirasaki, M. Flaum 2004, Study of Wettability Alteration from NMR Effect of OBM on Wettability and NMR Responses, paper presented at the 8th International Symposium on Reservoir Wettability, Houston, TX, May 16-18,... 

TFSA molecules have been extensively and successfully used as steam additives in cyclic steam operations(27-32). Recently, results of a TFSA-waterflood which was conducted in West Texas were reported(33). The purpose of the work described in this paper was to further evaluate the feasibility of recovering incremental oil in a mature waterflood by injection of surfactants which change the wettability of reservoir rock surfaces. In this paper, we present the results of laboratory studies with Thin Film Spreading Agents and the results of a carefully conducted TFSA-waterflood pilot in the Torrance Field located in the Los Angeles Basin of California. 

Kremesec, V.J. and Treiber, L.E. "Effect of System Wettability on Oil Displacement by Micellar Flooding," SPE paper 6001, 1976 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, October 3 6. 

Porous inkjet papers are in general created from colloidal dispersions. The eventual random packing of the colloid particles in the coated and dried film creates an open porous structure. It is this open structure that gives photographic-quality inkjet paper its apparently dr/ quality as it comes off the printer. Both the pore structure and pore wettability control the liquid invasion of the coated layer and therefore the final destination of dyes. Dispersion and stability of the colloidal system may require dispersant chemistries specific to the particle and solution composition. In many colloidal systems particle-particle interactions lead to flocculation which in turn leads to an increase in viscosity of the system. The viscosity directly influences the coating process, through the inverse relation between viscosity and maximum coating speed. 

This paper describes a method for improving hydrophilicity by using radiation-induced grafting of flexible polyurethane (polyether) foam with polar vinyl monomers. By this procedure, the normally hydrophobic material can be converted into a remarkably water-wettable sponge. 

In methods where flow is not confined by a column (such as paper and thin-layer chromatography), flow is usually driven by capillarity—the tendency of a liquid to flow into vacant capillaries having a wettable surface. Flow by capillarity will be discussed in Section 4.7. 

Compatibility of polymers implies a semi-quantitative measure can be used to predict whether two or more polymers are compatible. The use of one of the semi-quantitative approaches, solubility parameter, was demonstrated by Hughes and Britt (22). It was concluded (8) that one parameter was insufficient to predict the compatibility. In this paper, we now introduce critical surface tension which is determined from the surface properties of a polymer. Though both of these parameters have been related by Gardon (15), we are inclined to use the latter because we can further describe the wettability between two polymers. For instance, by the use of yc, we can predict equally well that compatibility between polystyrene and polybutadiene can be improved if butadiene is... 

The purpose of this paper is to use data already aquired on critical surface tension for a correlation with solubility parameters and parachors of polymers. The theoretical background of these parameters is briefly mentioned. The evaluation of the calculated values is then discussed. Because of the complexity of the polymer conformation on the surface, we do not imply that a straight-forward relationship between the surface and the bulk properties is available, even in the case of a liquid-like amorphous polymer. Another purpose of this paper is, therefore, to point out the complicating factors and the difficulties in predicting the surface wettability on the basis of bulk properties. 

Ti(>2 is a basic and simple material, and more than thirty years have passed since the discovery of the Ti(>2 photocatalytic reaction. The wettability of solid surfaces is also a basic and familiar property. It is amazing that the excellent characteristics (high hydrophilicity among other properties) of the already well understood TiC>2 were discovered only recently. In this paper, we introduced the surface reconstruction model of hydroxyl groups as the mechanism for the highly hydrophilic conversion. However, areas for further research still remain. 

Jackson, D.D., Andrews, G.L., and Claridge, E.L. "Optimum WAG Ratio vs Rock Wettability in C02 Flooding," SPE Paper No. 14303, presented at the 60th Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Las Vegas, Sept. 1985 (being revised for publication). 

Protein produced from solvent-extracted meal has been used as a thickening agent in soups, baby foods, high-protein foods, instimtional meals, and meat products. Groundnut proteins have also been used to manufacture a soft, wool-like, cream-colored fiber, adhesive products such as plywood glue and wettable glue, and for paper coating. 

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