Paper measurements

A calibration curve for the range 0.2-10 mg fluoride ion per 100 mL is constructed as follows. Add the appropriate amount of standard sodium fluoride solution, 25 mL of 2-methoxyethanol, and 10 mg of a buffer [0.1 Af in both sodium acetate and acetic (ethanoic) acid] to a 100 mL graduated flask. Dilute to volume with distilled water and add about 0.05 g of thorium chloranilate. Shake the flask intermittently for 30 minutes (the reaction in the presence of 2-methoxyethanol is about 90 per cent complete after 30 minutes and almost complete after 1 hour) and filter about 10 mL of the solution through a dry Whatman No. 42 filter paper. Measure the absorbance of the filtrate in a 1 cm cell at 540 nm (yellow-green filter) against a blank, prepared in the same manner, using a suitable spectrophotometer. Prepare a calibration curve for the concentration range 0.0-0.2 mg fluoride ion per 100 mL in the same way, but add only 10.0 mL of 2-methoxyethanol measure the absorbance of the filtrate in a 1 cm silica cell at 330 nm. 

A personal communication from the authors indicates that the assignments for these two compounds were inadvertently inverted in the original paper. Measured at 200 MHz in benzene-d6, reference to internal Me4Si. 

In the course of a long and thorough study of the polymerisation of isobutene (IB) by syncatalytic systems based on aluminium-organic compounds (Magagnini et al., 1977 and preceding papers) measurements were made by a Biddulph-Plesch type reaction calorimeter fitted with conductivity (k) electrodes on polymerisations of IB by Et2AlCl + Cl2 in MeCl at -45 °C, from which a kp+A value could be obtained. The reactions and procedures can be summarised as follows ... 

Measure approximately 2 g of iron metal filings onto a piece of weighing paper. Measure and record the exact mass of the filings. 

Figure 8.5. Palm of the hand. Fluorescence spectrum (Fb-mode, full line) and diffuse reflectance absorption spectrum (dashed line, normalized to X = 700 nm, reference filter paper) measured with a sensitized diode array spectrometer.

Our first cotton dust measurements were made in 1967 when one of the authors of this paper measured the ambient dust concentrations downwind from three Mississippi cotton gins (4). 

One of the more important factors affecting the isolation of radioactive waste is the rate of release of the radioactivity from the solid waste form to the environment. The most probable mechanism for release and transport of radioactivity from a solid waste form is by leaching of radioactive isotopes with groundwater. The objective of leach-testing various waste forms is to evaluate the rate at which specific hazardous radionuclides migrate from waste if and when the waste form comes in contact with groundwater. In this paper, measurement of leach rates of radioactive waste by a method which incorporates neutron activation is described. 

Cold Traps and Apparatus. Items like cold traps should be stored as complete units to protect the inner tubes. A small slip of paper (measuring about 6 mm by 50 mm) should be inserted between the inner and outer joints to prevent jamming. If there are hooks, use a rubber band or springs to hold the parts together. If not, use masking tape to hold the parts together (see Fig. 3.31). Unfortunately, mask-... 

After the first cose has been rolled up to fit the gauge, it may be unrolled and the paper measured. Future pieces of the same quire of paper can then be cut of the right size at once, so that the case will fit the gauge without further trouble. 

Measurement of the peak height may be carried out using millimeter squared paper, the gel ride of the plate facing the paper. Measure from the top of the wells to the rocket tips (this is easier to measure than from the center of the wells as recommended by other authors f4f). Draw the calibration curve (abscissa protein concentrations, ordinate peak heights) (see Note 2). 

The high first hyperpolarizability of pNA was first identified in EFISH measurements in the 1970s. The experimental method itself was developed by Levine and Bethea,Oudar, Chemla and others and the inherent difficulties of the procedure and the devices used to overcome them are well documented in the some of the papers. Measurements have been made on a large range of molecules (see for example Cheng et where full account of the method is given and Zyss and... 

The 3M Company of St. Paul, MN introduced the Shortening Monitor, which consists of a white strip of paper, measuring 0.3 x 3.75 inches, which has four blue bands across it. The strips are used as a dip test to measure accumulated free fatty acids in the oil. The tests were developed to provide users, especially those in the fast-food industry, with an inexpensive means to objectively measure FFA in the cooking oil. This test might be suitable for restaurants because the FFA in restaurant fryers tend to mn high and might be effective to predict the imminence of reduced smoke point in the fryer oil. 

Sprague, J.B. (1969) Review paper. Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish. I. Bioassay methods for acute toxicity. Water Res., 3, 793-821. 

It frequently happens that hydrogen ions are removed from solution by impurities in the indicator or in the paper, or as a result of adsorption by the paper. In other words, the solution apparently is neutralized. The use of a buffer mixture, however, counteracts the influence of traces of impurities. The sensitivity of indicator papers is found to be the same as that of the corresponding indicator solutions when measured in the presence of buffer solutions. For strong electrolytes, the indicator papers measure the titration acidity rather than the hydrogen ion concentration. 

Unwrap two pieces of chewing gum. Place each piece on a weighing paper. Measure and record each mass using a balance. 

Using pH paper, measure the pH of the solutions in wells Al-Dl and A3-D3. If a paper fails to indicate a pH value for a well, try a paper with a different pH range. Record the pH values in Data Table 1. 

H.M. Keener and T.L. Glenn, ASAE Paper, Measuring performance of grain drying systems. Paper 78 3521 (1978). 

Figure 7.44. AFM images of (a) a glossy and (b) a matt paper with a scan size of 4 x 4 pm x- and y-axes, 1.000 pm/division z-axis, 1000 nm/division. Roughness data for the same papers measured by the white-light interferometric technique are provided in Figure 7.45. The same paper grades are also used in the spreading experiments shown in Figure 7.36...

A typical length measurement by thermomechanical analysis, TMA (see Sect. 4.5), is shown in Fig. 4.17 on the change in dimensions of a printed circuit board made of an epoxy-laminated paper. Measurements of this type are important for matching the expansivities of the electronic components to be fused to the board, so that strain and... 

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