Panel testing

Once the characteristic level is determined, the flavor is put into panel tests. After it passes these panel tests it is then subjected to storage stabihty. 

Artificial surfaces must be resistant to cigarette bums, vandaUsm, and other harm. Fire resistance is most critically evaluated by the NBS flooring radiant panel test (10). In this test, a gas-fired panel maintains a heat flux, impinging on the sample to be tested, between 1.1 W/cm at one end and 0.1 W/cm at the other. The result of the bum is reported as the flux needed to sustain flame propagation in the sample. Higher values denote greater resistance to burning results depend on material and surface constmction. Polypropylene turf materials are characterized by critical radiant flux indexes which are considerably lower than those for nylon and acryflc polymers (qv) (11). 

One of the interesting properties of PBPCP [187] was its fast heat dissipation characteristics and so it was tested by the well-known oxy-acetylene panel test (ASTM 285-70) for ablative materials. Figure 13 shows the survival of a flower for 100 s. kept on the 6.35-mm asbestos fiber-reinforced hexamine-cured panel. The ablation rate value of this material was 3.2 x 10 in/s in comparison with 3.6 x 10 in/s for asbestos-phenolic. As the char content of PBPCP was only 27% compared with 60% for conventional phenolics, mechanisms involving transpiration processes rather than heat blocking by char formation might be playing a greater role in this case [188]. 

Figure 13 Oxy-acetylene panel test showing the survival of a flower kept on the asbestos-CNSL polymer composite of thickness 6.35 x 10 m.

It is significant that most of the data from which a remarkable uniformity of attack is deduced are derived from small isolated panels. This is the most convenient form of specimen for measurements of corrosion rates by loss of weight but it eliminates the important effect of galvanic currents passing between remote parts of a large structure. It is believed that the experience of civil engineers and other users would not support the conclusion suggested by panel tests that corrosion is no faster in tropical than in temperate waters. 

Following previous works on physico-chemical characterisation of sunflower low-methoxyl pectins (Alarc o-Silva, 1990, Leitao at al., 1995) and technological utilisation in the manufacture of low calorie gels (Alarc o-Silva et al., 1992), this investigation was carried out to test the suitability of that pectin to the confection of grape juice reduced calorie jellies in comparison with two types of commercial pectin. Aiming at the optimisation of low-calorie jelly formula, based on consumers preferences, the jellies were submitted to a sensory panel test judgement and instrumental texture-analysis. 

When many data sets for the same set of products (objects) are available it is of interest to look for the common information and to analyze the individual deviations. When the panellists in a sensory panel test a set of food products one might be interested in the answer to many questions. How are the products positioned, on the average, in sensory space Are there regions which are not well... 

Fig. 16.5 Correlation between the technical quality index and sensory score (overall judgement) in blind sensory panel tests.

Figure 2. The Radiant Panel Test was designed to measure both critical ignition energy and rate of heat release. A sample is mounted facing a controlled heat flux but at a 3CP angle to it such that the upper part of the specimen is more severely exposed. Since irradiance decreases down the specimen, the time progress of ignition down the specimen serves to measure central ignition energy. Thermocouples in the stack above the specimen serve as a measure of heat release rate.

Table IV. Radiant Panel Test Results for Structural Foam Samples...

A.L. Bridgman and G.L. Nelson, Heat Release Calorimetry and Radiant Panel Testing A Comparative Study, Proceedings of the International Conference on Fire Safety (Jan. 13-17, 1986), 11, 128-139 (1986). 

Panel tests for a more flammable substrate by an order of magnitude, while more flame retardant substrates can see a tripling of the value. 

Hill, R. G., Eklund, T. I., Sarkos, C. P., Aircraft Interior Panel Test Criteria Derived from Full-Scale Fire Tests. DOT/FAA/CT-85/23, September 1985. 

Subjective consumer panel testing of treated cigarettes... 

Groseclose (21) used anodic polarization to electrochemically rate uncoated steel. It was necessary to employ a specific electrolyte (lOmM NaCI/25 mM sodium tetrafIuoroborate) and electrochemicaIly cleaned cold rolled steel. Two different lots of steel with identical primer exhibited grossly different salt fog performance. The bottom halves (uncoated) of the same panel tested... 

Chen et al. (2008) employed a commercial electronic tongue, based on an array of seven sensors, to classify 80 green tea samples on the basis of their taste grade, which is usually assessed by a panel test. PCA was employed as an explorative tool, while fc-NN and a back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) were used for supervised classification. Both the techniques provide excellent results, achieving 100% prediction ability on a test set composed of 40 samples (one-half of the total number). In cases like this, when a simple technique, such as fc-NN, is able to supply excellent outcomes, the utilization of a complex technique, like BP-ANN, does not appear justified from a practical point of view. 

Rodriguez-Mendez, M. L., Apetrei, C., Villanueva, S., Apetrei, I. M., Nevares, I., del Alamo, M., Merino, S., Parra, V., Fernandez-Escudero, J. A., Iniguez, M., and De Saja, J. A. (2007). Monitoring the ageing of red wines by means of an electronic panel test Discrimination between traditional and alternative ageing methods. Bull. VOW 80 (911-913), 47-59. 

Open Pit "Panel Pit Methods, "Low Panel "High Panel Tests and "Silhouette Test in Vol 3, pp C345 to C350-R. 

Klinger et al. (31) reported that extensive taste panel tests of chicken breast meat or leg meat irradiated to 3.7 kGy and cooked by boiling in water showed no loss in sensory quality immediately after treatment. The sensory quality of the irradiated chicken deteriorated during refrigerated storage over a period of 3 to 4 weeks. Irradiated chicken breast meat was acceptable for about three weeks however, quality of unirradiated chicken was retained for only about four days during chilled storage. 

The lignins were separately mixed with PF resin (dry blending) at 30% and 50% levels prior to application as a binder. The formation and testing (9) of the waferboards (30 cm x 30 cm) were done by the Alberta Research Council Panel Testing Laboratory. 

Evaluating Synthetic Sweeteners. Evaluation of new sweeteners, unlike that of most functional food ingredients, is not possible using totally objective means, There arc no general rules leading to structurc/function relationships for all classes of sweeteners. The principal judgments must rely on human sensory panel tests. The training and administration of sensory panels for sweeteners are beyond the scope of this volume. 

The following four fragmentation tests have been u sed at Aberdeen Proving Ground (Ref 1) A)Closed Pit (orChamber) Test B)Open Pit Test C)Panel Test and D)Veloe ity of Fragments Test, whereas the closed pit test has been used at PicArsn. All of these tests are briefly described below ... 

Open pit test may be conducted in conjunction with panel and fragment velocity tests (Ref 2, pp4-6) (See Fig under Panel Test)... 

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