Panel Lifetime

Otsuka Electronics Company produces an OLED panel lifetime evaluation system [102]. Their system can measure the historical change of chromaticity, luminance, current, voltage of OLED panel emitted for a long period under the preset condition of constant voltage,... 

Today the energy payback time, defined as the time necessary for a silicon solar panel to generate the energy equivalent to that used to produce it, is 3-4 years. Panel lifetime is normally more than 20 years. 

Figure C 1.3.5. Spectra of two different infrared bands of HF dimer, corresponding to excitation of the bound (lower panel) and free (upper panel) HF monomers in the complex. Note the additional line width for the bound HF, caused by vibrational predissociation with a lifetime of about 0.8 ns. (Taken from 1211.)...

Action of Vacuum on Spacecraft Materials. For service beyond the atmosphere, the vacuum environment allows materials to evaporate or decompose under the action of various forces encountered (1,18,19). These forces include the photons from the sun, charged particles from solar wind, and dust. The action of space environment on materials and spacecraft can be simulated by a source—sink relationship in a vacuum environment. Thus, for example, the lifetime of a solar panel in space operation may be tested (see Photovoltaic cells). 

Gable et al. (1996) estimated lifetime costs of treating a person with HIV to be US 94,726, using an expert panel and several cost data sources to produce treatment protocols for opportunistic infections and primary antiretroviral therapy. 

Dependencies of luminescence bands (both fluorescence and phosphorescence), anisotropy of emission, and its lifetime on a frequency of excitation, when fluorescence is excited at the red edge of absorption spectrum. Panel a of Fig. 5 shows the fluorescence spectra at different excitations for the solutes with the 0-0 transitions close to vI vn, and vra frequencies. Spectral location of all shown fluorescence bands is different and stable in time of experiment and during lifetime of fluorescence (panel b)... 

Fig. 2.5. (A) The relative concentrations of the short lifetime component, in samples expressing EGFR-GFP in the absence (left panel) and presence (middle panel) of PY72-Cy3. The calculated lifetimes values of the two species...

The average lifetime-enhancing factor over the nine movies is at least 3.3 times longer than that measured with full screen on at full brightness, e.g., a panel with 10,000 h operation life under maximum brightness has an effective operation lifetime 33,000 h for video... 

M Leadbeater, N Patel, B Tierney, S O Connor, I Grizzi, and C Towns, Blue LEP-OLED with 30,000 hours lifetime for flat panel display applications, SID Digest Tech. Pap., 35 162-163, 2004. 

One of the most obvious markets for thin-film vapor-deposited organic materials is in flat panel displays [123], a market currently dominated by LCDs. Over the last two decades, a great improvement in the lifetime and efficiency of OLEDs have been achieved. OLED displays can already be found in simple applications such as automobile stereos, mobile phones, and digital cameras. However, to exploit the advantages of the technology fully, it is necessary to pattern the OLEDs to form monochrome, or more preferentially, full-color displays. This section will consider the difficulties involved in addressing such displays (either passively or actively) and the variety of patterning methods that can be used to produce full-color displays. 

In the upper panel of Figure 13.6, the emission is drawn assuming a modulation frequency of 30 MHz and a lifetime of 9 nsec. Using the equations above, the phase angle is 59.5° and the demodulation factor is 0.5. (For further details, the reader is referred to Lakowicz(66)). Additionally, multifrequency phase and modulation instruments that operate over a range of frequencies have been described(67, flS) and simple instruments are possible if only one or several discrete frequencies are required (Figure 13.6, lower panel). 

Figure 10. EP halfwidths (top panels) and lifetimes (top panel) of the different vibrational levels of the A (left panels) and B (right panels) electronic states.

---