Pancreatic islet 3 cell function

CF-related diabetes shares characteristics of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus but is categorized separately. The primary cause of CFRD is insulin deficiency resulting from both reduced functional pancreatic islet cells and increased islet amyloid deposition. Insulin secretion is delayed in response to glucose challenge, and absolute insulin secretion over time is reduced. Some insulin resistance may also be present in CFRD however, sensitivity may be increased in CF patients without diabetes.8... 

Co-trimoxazole can cause reversible hypoglycemia, which may be prolonged, particularly in patients with risk factors for hypoglycemia. Common risk factors include compromised renal function, prolonged fasting, malnutrition, and the use of excessive doses. It has been postulated that the sulfonamide mimics the action of sul-fonylureas, stimulating pancreatic islet cells to secrete insulin. In elderly people, co-trimoxazole-induced hypoglycemia can cause altered mental state (1146,1147). 

Ideally biomarkers of activity should be identified at various times over the course of the study to support the pharmacodynamic activity (e.g., normalization of insulin, improvement in beta cell function as measured by C-peptide level, or control of glucose following transplantation of P pancreatic islet cells) improvement of motor coordination in mice with spinal cord damage following transplant of neurons or repair of heart function (e.g., functional measures such as LV ejection fraction, pressure volume loops, ventricular pressure and heart wall thickness). Such markers may also be useful in subsequent clinical... 

Qll There is both a genetic and environmental component in type 1 diabetes. The pathological basis of the condition is autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic islet cells, which is said to be associated with genetic and environmental factors such as viral infection. It has been shown that antibodies to islet cells and insulin autoantibody (IAA) can exist for years before the occurrence of symptoms, possibly as a result of the autoimmune processes the IAA may form during the process of active islet and /1-cell destruction. Both insulin and glucagon play a role in the development of hyperglycaemia and hyperketonaemia, since both a- and /1-cell functions are abnormal in diabetes. Both a lack of insulin and a relative excess of glucagon coexist in type 1 diabetes, and so the metabolic abnormalities that occur are likely to be caused by both hormones. 

This water-soluble salt of tolbutamide is u.scd intravenously for the diagnosis of mild diabetes mcllilus and of functioning pancreatic islet cell adenomas. The sterile dry powder is dissolved in sterile water for injection to make a clear solution, which then should be administered within I... 

Further research examining the transplantation of pancreatic islet cells identifies this approach aimed at curing type 1 diabetes. Unfortunately, the loss of cell function following transplantation presents a major issue. Macroencapsulation of cells in order to isolate and protect them from immune responses have proven unsuccessful, resulting in hypoxic death due to poor diffusion of essential molecules. Nanoencapsulation has been shown to allow for sufficient molecular permeability without significant... 

Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous and progressive endocrine disorder associated with insulin resistance (impaired insulin action) and defective function of the insulin-secreting (3-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. These endocrine disorders give rise to widespread metabolic disturbances epitomised by hyperglycaemia. The present classes of antidiabetic agents other than insulin act to either increase insulin secretion, improve insulin action, slow the rate of intestinal... 

Margulis, B.A., Sandler, S., Eizirik, D.L., Welsh, N., Welsh, M. (1991). Liposomal delivery of purified heat shock protein hsp70 in rat pancreatic islets as protection against interleukin I beta-induced impaired beta cell function. Diabetes 40, 1418-1422. 

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