Palladium membrane technology

Initial hydrogen diffusion experiments with metal membranes began as early as the middle of the nineteenth century with palladium [3-5], Since these experiments, Pd has been the most widely investigated membrane material with the most acknowledged studies being conducted in the mid-twentieth century [6-11], Additionally, several comprehensive reviews have been published that summarize the developments of palladium membrane technologies over the past 150 years [12, 13],... 

Additionally, the corrosive nature of the syngas stream can have significant impacts on the mechanical and chemical stability of the membrane. Researchers have shown that a pure palladium membrane can develop a corrosion scale as thick as 35 microns after only 5 days of operation in the presence of 0.1%H2S-H2, making thin film palladium membrane technologies impractical in such an environment [91]. 

Recent progress in addressing these problems in palladium membrane technology involves ... 

Yakabe, H. (2012) Operations of a 40Nm /h-class Membrane Reformer System at Tokyo Gas, Presentation at the International Joint Workshop on Palladium Membrane Technology - Rome, Italy, 12-14 November. 

Palladium membrane technology for hydrogen production, carbon capture and other applications... 

J.E. Philpott, Hydrogen Diffusion Technology, Commercial Applications of Palladium Membrane, Platinum Metals Rev. 29, 12 (1985). 

Franz et al. [93] developed a palladium membrane micro reactor for hydrogen separation based on MEMS technology, which incorporated integrated devices for heating and temperature measurement. The reactor consisted of two channels separated by the membrane, which was composed of three layers. Two of them, which were made of silicon nitride introduced by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (0.3 pm thick) and silicon oxide by temperature treatment (0.2 pm thick), served as perforated supports for the palladium membrane. Both layers were deposited on a silicon wafer and subsequently removed from one side completely... 

Liu, Y. Dixon, A. Ma, Y. Moser, W. Permeation of Ethylbenzene and Hydrogen Through Untreated and Catalytically Treated Alumina Membranes Separation Science and Technology 25 (1990) 1511- 1521. Mardilovich, P. She, Y. Ma, Y. Rei, M. Defect-Free Palladium Membranes on Porous Stainless Steel Support AIChEJ 44(2) (1998) 310-322. 

Ma YH, Mardilovich IP, and Engwall EE. Thin composite palladium and paUadium/aUoy membranes for hydrogen separation. In Li NN, Drioli E, Ho WSW, and Lipscomb GG, eds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences vol. 984 Advanced Membrane Technology. New York The New York Academy of Sciences, 2003, pp. 346-360. 

J.E. Philport, Hydrogen diffusion technology. Commercial applications of palladium membrane. Platinum Met. Rev., 29 (1985) 12. 

The term composite membrane, as defined in membrane technology, refers to membranes with two or more distinct layers. A layer within a composite membrane could itself be a composite material possessing two or more distinct components, as in membranes employing a layer of palladium cermet (ceramic-metal) supported by a layer of porous ceramic. The layers need not be composite, as in membranes using films of palladium on both sides of foils of niobium, tantalum, vanadium or zirconium. 

Grashoff GJ, Pilkington CE, Corti CW. The purification of hydrogen a review of the technology emphasizing the current status of palladium membrane diffusion. Report 1983 27(4) 157-169. 

To compete successfully with conventional hydrogen separation technologies, such as pressure swing adsorption or polymer membranes, or to be used in a membrane reactor successfully, palladium membranes must possess the following characteristics [4] ... 

Basile A, Gallucci F, Tosti S. Synthesis, characterization and applications of palladium membranes. In R. Mallada and M. Mendndez (eds.), Inorganic Membranes Synthesis, Characterization and Applications. Membrane Science and Technology Series, Vol. 13. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2008. 

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