Catalytic treating

This hydrocarbon mixture, rich in oxygen and aromatics, is very unstable and needs important (catalytic) treating steps before it can be used as an actual fuel. 

The alpha-methyl styrene can be recovered as a product or catalytically treated with hydrogen and converted back to cumene for recycling. The acetophenone has some commercial use in pharmaceuticals and at one time was used to make ethylbenzene. A high purity phenol is sometimes made by a crystallization step, since phenol freezes at about 109°F. With alpha-methyl styrene recycled, the ultimate yield is about 97%. 

The most common method of preparation of alkyd resins is the fatty acid method in which a glyceride oil is catalytically treated with glycerol at 225 to 25CPC. The glyceride oil is simultaneously esterified and deesterified to a monoglyceride. 

Liu, Y. Dixon, A. Ma, Y. Moser, W. Permeation of Ethylbenzene and Hydrogen Through Untreated and Catalytically Treated Alumina Membranes Separation Science and Technology 25 (1990) 1511- 1521. Mardilovich, P. She, Y. Ma, Y. Rei, M. Defect-Free Palladium Membranes on Porous Stainless Steel Support AIChEJ 44(2) (1998) 310-322. 

Fiber-grade terephthalic acid (7,8,9,10) Tb produce a fiber-grade quality, MTA has to undergo a further purification step. In the feed preparation system (7), MTA is dissolved in water at elevated temperatures and sent to the hydrogenation reactor (8) in which it is catalytically treated to remove the impurities. The hydrogenation catalyst is palladium based. The purified terephthalic acid is crystallized by stepwise depressurizing in a unique crystallizer train (9). 

Starting from MPDA an overall yield for the process of around 90% is obtained, which means that the carbon efficiency (ratio of carbon in product to reactants) and overall atom efficiency (yield ratio of molecular weight of product to reactant) are 90% and 99%, respectively. The waste and any toxic by-products generated from the process are catalytically treated to give nitrogen, water and low quantities of carbon dioxide (about 200 kg per ton nicotinamide). 

Pfeffer, P. E., Luddy, F. E. and Unruh, J. (1977) C-NMR a rapid, nondestructive method for determining the cis, trans composition of catalytically treated unsaturated lipid mixtures. JO ACS, 54 (9), 380-6. 

Following removal of H2S, the common processes either (o) oxidize the mercaptans to disulfides as in doctor-treating, (6) remove practically all sulfur compounds including mercaptans as in acid-, clay-, or catalytic-treating, or (c) extract all or a part of the mercaptans without substantially affecting other sulfur compounds. Processes of the first type involve liquid-liquid contacting and can be carried out in equipment similar to that... 

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