Paddy

The general case has been solved by Bashforth and Adams [14], using an iterative method, and extended by Sugden [15], Lane [16], and Paddy [17]. See also Refs. 11 and 12. In the case of a figure of revolution, the two radii of curvature must be equal at the apex (i.e., at the bottom of the meniscus in the case of capillary rise). If this radius of curvature is denoted by b, and the elevation of a general point on the surface is denoted by z, where z = y - h, then Eq. II-7 can be written... 

The ammonium chloride process, developed by Asahi Glass, is a variation of the basic Solvay process (9—11). It requires the use of soHd sodium chloride but obtains higher sodium conversions (+90%) than does the Solvay process. This is especially important ia Japan, where salt is imported as a soHd. The major difference from the Solvay process is that here the ammonium chloride produced is crystallized by cooling and through the addition of soHd sodium chloride. The resulting mother Hquor is then recycled to dissolve additional sodium chloride. The ammonium chloride is removed for use as rice paddy fertilizer. Ammonia makeup is generally suppHed by an associated synthesis plant. 

Ammonium Chloride. Most ammonium chloride [12125-02-9], NH Cl, is used as rice paddy fertilizer small amounts are used in dry cells and as fluxing agents (see Ammonium COMPOUNDS). 

The discovery of chemical N2 fixation under ambient conditions is more compatible with a simple, complementary, low temperature and low pressure system, possibly operated electrochemically and driven by a renewable energy resource (qv), such as solar, wind, or water power, or other off-peak electrical power, located near or in irrigation streams. Such systems might produce and apply ammonia continuously, eg, directly in the rice paddy, or store it as an increasingly concentrated ammoniacal solution for later appHcation. In fact, the Birkeland-Eyde process of N2 oxidation in an electric arc has been... 

Development of paddy field rice herbicide Thenylchlor, A-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-A-(3-methoxy-2-thenyl)chloroacetamide 98YGK221. 

A pair of oxen pull a wooden plow through a muddy paddy field in Sri Lanka. (Corbis-Bettmann)... 

Controlling methane release from wetland, rice paddies and gaseous emissions from animals is more problematic. The release from rice paddies and wet lands is slow, intermittent and takes place over a wide geographic area, and thus very difficult to control. Gaseous emissions from agricultural animals contribute to atmospheric accumulation of methane due to fermentative digestion that produces methane in... 

Figure 38.3 Mixer can use either propeiiers (a) or paddies (b) to provide agitation...

Na is a very reactive substance which is never found free in nature. It is not generally used as an incendiary agent as such but, because of its tendency not only to float on w, but also to ignite spontaneously in contact with it, it may be added to napalm for use against river targets or enemy positions in rice paddy fields or in snow (Ref 7, p 103 Ref 4, pp 28-29)... 

Koyama, T. (1963). Gaseous metabolism in lake sediments and paddy soils and the production of atmospheric methane and hydrogen, /. Geophys. Res. 68, 3971-3973. 

Sukul P, Chakravarty A, Pal S, et al. 1988. Residue studies on endosulfan and aldrin in paddy. 

Tejada AW, Varca LM, Calumpang SMP, et al. 1997. Fate of pesticides in a model rice paddy ecosystem. In Environ Behav Crop Prot Chem Proc Int Symp Use Nucl Relat Tech Stud Environ Behav Crop Prot Chem 1996, Int Atom Energy Agency Vienna, Austria pp. 265-278. 

S. B. Pandeya, A. K. Singh, and P. Dhar, Influence of fulvic acid on transport of iron in soils and uptake by paddy seedlings. Plant Soil I98 17 (1998). 

Acylanilides (abbreviated as anilides in this article) are generally used as selective pre- and/or post-emergence herbicides in paddy rice fields. The herbicidal activity of the anilides is similar to those exhibited by the auxin-like plant growth regulators. 

The concentration of chlornitrofen in river water released from flooded paddy fields 30-60days after application was detected in the range 0.039-1.25 agL . Eurther, it was reported that the DTso of diphenyl ether herbicides in groundwater, river water and seawater were 17-84, 14-140 and 10-88 days for chlornitrofen, and 18-131,4-206 and 6-23 days forbifenox, respectively. Diphenyl ether herbicides in... 

Stable to acid and base in the pH range 3-8. Thenylchlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide for the preemergence and post-planting control of annual grass and broad-leaved weeds in paddy rice The residue definition is for the parent, thenylchlor, only... 

Sampling sediment and water in rice paddy fields and adjacent water bodies... 

In key rice-producing regions in Asia, rice production is performed mostly in paddy fields where crop production has been highly sustainable owing to ... 

The application of pesticides to paddy fields represents a unique set of issues compared with many other use patterns. Agrochemicals used in rice production are introduced directly or indirectly into paddy water, and there are more opportunities for... 

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