Pad rinsing

Certain common practices affect slurry performance and consumption. The two main practices are pad rinsing and pad priming. 

The majority of vat dyes used worldwide are appHed by continuous dyeing polyester—cotton blends are the most important substrate. The fabric is padded with vat dye dispersion, dried, padded with sodium hydrosulfite, caustic soda, and salt, steamed for 30—60 s at 102°C, rinsed, and dried. 

The mixture was carefully filtered into a 250 mL round-bottomed flask through a thin pad of Celite. The filtration was completed by rinsing the packing with diethyl ether (50 mL). 

A 2-L filter flask is equipped with an 11-cm Buchner funnel with filter paper. The funnel is charged with Celiteto a depth of 1 cm (Note 10) and 50.0 g of Florisilis spread evenly on top of the Celite. The above mixture is filtered through this pad of filter aid (Note 11). The filter cake is rinsed with ethyl acetate, 2 x 100 mL. The resulting pale yellow filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 47.3 g (96.2%) of pale yellow crystals (Note 12). 

D. 4a(S),8a(R)-2-Benzoyloctahydro-6(2H)-isoquinolinone (4). Palladium (Pd), 10% on carbon, 4.0 g, (Note 21) is placed in a 500-mL Parr bottle under N2 and carefully wetted with 50 mL of cold denatured ethanol (EtOH). A slurry of 34.7 g of enone 3 (0.14 mol) in denatured EtOH (250 mL) is added and the Parr shaker apparatus assembled. After the system is purged with nitrogen-hydrogen (N2/H2), the reaction is shaken at 50 psi H2 and 50°C until H2 uptake is complete (1 hr, Note 22). The catalyst is filtered over a Celite pad (Note 23) and rinsed with warm chloroform (CHCI3) (4 x 75 mL). The filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure, dissolved in 90 mL of CH2CI2 and crystallized with 200 mL of hexanes. The crystalline solid is filtered, rinsed with hexanes and dried to afford 34.3 g (98%, Note 24) of the ketone 4, representing a 51% yield over four steps. 

Trimethylaluminum (20 mL of a 2 M solution in toluene, 40 mmol) is added to titanocene dichloride (5.0 g, 20 mmol) under inert gas. The resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 d with evolution of methane. The mixture is then cooled to 0 °C and a solution of phenyl benzoate (4.0 g, 20 mmol) in THE (20 mL) is added over 5 min. The resulting mixture is left to warm to room temperature within 45 min and is then diluted with anhydrous diethyl ether (50 mL). Approximately 50 drops of a 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution are carefully added over 10-20 min. When gas evolution has ceased anhydrous sodium sulfate is added and the slurry is filtered through a pad of Celite. After rinsing with diethyl ether the combined filtrates are concentrated and the product is purified by column chromatography (150 g basic alumina, pentane/diethyl ether 9 1). 2.8 g (70%) of the title compound is obtained. NMR (250 MHz, CDCI3) 5 4.45 (d, 2.3 Hz, IH), 5.05 (d, 2.3 Hz, IH), 7.06-7.11 (m, 3H), 7.29-7.38 (m, 5H), 7.66-7.70 (m, 2H). 

The molybdenum complex 1 (342 mg, 0.45 mmol, 1%) is added to a mixture of dichloromethane (90 mL), 1-octene (5.0 g, 44.6 mmol) and styrene (9.29 g, 89.2 mmol). The resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 h and then filtered through a pad of silica gel. After rinsing with dichloromethane the combined filtrates are concentrated and the crude product is purified by column chromatography (silica gel). 7.9 g (94%) of the title compound is obtained as a colorless oil. 

HR 68, BP 100/52, Wgt 131.25 Awakened for vital signs. To latrine and voided 350 cc. Stated he sure has lost weight (136 before test started - he lost almost 5 pounds). Measured own urine and then rinsed out urinal and graduate cylinder. When he left the padded room he turned in the wrong direction. Oh boy, I sure have lost all sense of direction. Back to bed and to sleep. 

Rinse and buff immediately after the bulk CMP step. Rinsing removes the residual slurry and the polishing by-products including abraded film from the wafer, abraded polish pad material, and agglomerated slurry. Buffing removes most of the particles that are adhering to the surface as well as many mechanically embedded particles. 

Fumed silica and colloidal slurry with and without filtration have been evaluated. All slurries are KOH-based. All slurries have pH values greater than 10. A same polisher was used, and a same pad was used. However, to separate the effect from post-CMP cleaning, neither scrubbing nor chemistry was applied. The oxide wafers were only water-rinsed after polishing. The results are shown in Fig. 11. The slurry with fumed silica left more particles compared to that with colloidal silica. 

A 50-mL sample of distillate fuel is immersed in a 300°F (149°C) oil bath for 90 minutes. After removalfrom the bath and cooling to room temperature, the color of the fuel is measured and compared to the initial color. The fuel is then vacuum filtered through two 1 Whatman filter pads and rinsed with heptane. The color of the pad is compared to a standard color chart and rated. The color of the pad may also be measured by a light reflectance meter. 

In addition to its presence in the ambient atmosphere, diazinon also has been monitored in both outdoor and indoor air associated with its use in a variety of domestic, commercial, and occupational exposure situations. Exposure to diazinon from its use in lawn and home garden applications was evaluated by Davis et al. (1983). Diazinon was mixed with water and sprayed using compressed air sprayers or hose-end sprayers, and potential respiratory and dermal exposures were estimated from residues collected from respirator filters, body pads, and hand rinsings. These authors reported mean respiratory exposures of 1.9,... 

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