Packaging utilization rate

Utilization rates for different countries should not be compared without further comment. It is important to know the structure of the production program of the different national paper industries in the main product categories of packaging papers and board, graphic papers, household and hygiene papers as well as specialty papers because the utilization rates for these product segments differ significantly. 

Tax incentives were utilized as part of the financing package to build the Modesto tires-to-energy power plant. Tax-free municipal bonds were issued to borrow money from investors to build the plant. Utilizing tax-free municipal bonds allowed borrowing the money at a lower interest rate. 

The variable costs are those directly resulting from the operation of the plant and dependent upon how much product is made. They will include the costs of all raw materials and other materials consumed by the process, of all utility services (electricity, gas, water, compressed air, steam, etc.), plus the costs of packaging, and maybe a waste disposal cost, if that is related to production rate. These costs will vary if, for example, an underrun in the first year or two is being allowed. 

NE is synthesized by tyrosine hydroxylation (meta ring position) followed by decarboxylation and side chain p carbon hydroxylation. The synthesis of this catecholamine is regulated by tyrosine hydroxylase. Tyrosine hydroxylation is also a key step in the synthesis of two other important catecholamines, dopamine and epinephrine. NE is packaged via active transport into synaptic (or chromaffin) vesicles prior to release by neuronal depolarization. The effects of NE are mediated by adrenergic receptors (a or P) which are G protein coupled resulting in either increases or decreases in smooth muscle tone as well as increases in cardiac rate and contractility. These effects arise out of receptor mediated increases in intracellular Ca and activation or inhibition of various protein kinases. The effects of NE are terminated essentially as a result of its active transport into the presynaptic nerve ending via an energy and Na" dependent process which utilizes the norepinephrine transporter (NET). Ultimately, NE and other catecholamines are metabolized by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). 

Utilizing a voltammetric measurement technique, the RULER quantitatively analyses the relative concentrations of antioxidants (hindered phenolic and aromatic amine) in new and used oils. This data can be trended to determine the depletion rates of the antioxidant protection package in the oil provided the instrument has been calibrated for that oil type. From pre-established limits, proper oil change cycles, potential interval extension or timely antioxidant replenishments can be determined. 

Final packaged product must be shown to be stable up to at least the expiry date. These stability data are obtained by actual testing through the expiry date and beyond. Early term stability data may be submitted to FDA or other regulatory bodies to support preliminary expiry dating. These data as well as data obtained under accelerated storage conditions may be utilized to predict ultimate stability and to establish rates and kinetics of degradation. 

The application of IBC further improves gauge uniformity by providing heat transfer from both sides of the bubble. For bubbles with very large widths, IBC is the only way to obtain high production rates. For any size bubble, the use of IBC can increase maximum line output. The latest IBC packages also utilize aerodynamic... 

We report on all areas of plastics processing for every kind of application—from toys to electronics and disposable packaging to automobile and appliance parts. We provide practical problem-solving assistance as well as buyers guides to new or little-known categories of machinery, raw materials, software, or services. We also provide monthly summaries of business and market news, updates on resin prices, analysis of regulatory developments that will affect our readers, and quarterly surveys of readers capacity utilization and machine-hour pricing rates. 

Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) is typically used as a vapor barrier in food packaging. In these applications, evaporation rates are usually 10-15 kg/h/m with air velocities of 20-40 m/s when utilizing paper substrates and 20-40 m/s when using plastic films. Dryer construction is usually of stainless steel because of the high corrosivity of the coatings and airstream. 

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