Packaging, Cosmetics, and Pharmaceuticals

Bubble packs - [MAGNETICMATERIALS - THIN FILMS AND PARTICLES] (Vol 15) -as tamper-resistant package form [PACKAGING - COSMETICS AND PHARMACEUTICALS] (Voll7)... 

Markarian [52] reviewed the latest additives used to improve gas barrier and other properties of food packaging, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. These include oxygen and scavengers, flavour and odour controllers, antimicrobials, antifogs and UV absorbers. 

Contamination. Manufacturers of cosmetics must be careful to guard against chemical and microbial contamination. Chemical contamination, which may result from the presence of undesirable impurities in raw materials, is avoidable by adhering to rigid specifications for raw materials. Compendial specifications and pubHcations by the CTFA and other professional societies form the basis of most intracompany raw material specifications. Moreover, all packaging components must meet not only physical and design specifications but also such chemical requirements as extractables and absence of dust and similar contaminants (see Packaging, cosLffiTics and pharmaceuticals). 

Packaging. See also Food packaging Industrial materials packaging aluminum for, 2 339-340 aseptic, 18 32-33 child-resistant, 18 28 coffee, 7 259-260 consumer awareness of, 18 29 converting, 18 15-23 corrugated paperboard boxes, 18 16-20 cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, 28 24-30 effectiveness of, 28 28 electronic materials, 27 823-851 fiber drums and cans, 28 22 folding cartons, 18 21-22 food, 22 77... 

Polyethylene. The most straightforward process for the production of polymers from ethylene is that of the direct polymerization of the olefin. The polymerization process usually requires pressures and temperatures of 15,000 to 30,000 pounds per square inch and 200° to 300° C., and may be effected in either gas or liquid phase reactions (9). The polymer of molecular weight above 20,000 is the white, translucent plastic, polyethylene, widely used in electrical insulation, packaging material for foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, liners for paper bags, etc. Articles molded from polyethylene are semirigid or rigid, depending on their thickness, but in thin films the material has excellent flexibility, even at relatively low temperatures. 

Due to its particularly good polymer characteristics PVC has an enormously wide spectrum of applications. From the consumption of more than 5.5 x 106 t in Western Europe (1997), 60% is in the building field, with a tendency to rise. Blow molded containers for packaging liquid products (beverages, edible oils, detergents, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals) receive special consideration, as do dishes for fatty foods (highly... 

Uses food preservative antioxidant for foods (margarine, peanut butter, etc.), cosmetics and pharmaceutic creams, fats, oils, flavorings, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils packaging material used to inhibit autooxidation of paraldehyde and similar substances that develop peroxides in the presence of oxygen A... 

Styrene-acrylonitrQe (SAN) copolymer is a brittle material but has improved surface hardness and chemical resistance when compared with polystyrene and has excellent resistance to weathering. It is available in granules from transparent pale straw colour through a full range to opaque colours. SAN is processable by injection or blow moulding and extrusion. Applications include table, picnic and kitchen ware where resistance to fruit juices and natural oils is important, cosmetic and pharmaceutical packaging for similar reasons, refrigerator parts, and radio controls and scales. 

The lower molecular weight polyethylene oxides are viscous, water-soluble liquids or waxy solids used as surfactants, lubricants, humectants, and cosmetic and pharmaceutical formula bases. Metal oxides and organometallic initiators, such as aluminum and zinc alkyls, produce higher molecular weight polyethylene oxides. The resins are low-melting, easy-to-process solids that are soluble in a broad range of solvents. They find use as thickeners, water-soluble packaging, and latex stabilizers. 

In cosmetics, packaging materials, and pharmaceutical industries, these nanoparticies play a major role because of their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The chitosan loaded pol5mier were widely used in biotechnologies. These pol5miers were mixed with... 

Utilization is in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical packaging. At present, it is mainly used for sutures, implants, controlled- release drugs and in microencapsulation. 

The greatest amount of surfactant consumption is in packaged soaps and detergents for household and industrial use. The remainder is used in processing textiles and leather, in ore flotation and oil-drilling operations, and in the manufacture of agricultural sprays, cosmetics, elastomers, food, lubricants, paint, pharmaceuticals, and a host of other products. 

Propylene Glycol. Propylene glycol, the second largest use of propylene oxide, is produced by hydrolysis of the oxide with water. Propylene glycol has very low toxicity and is, therefore, used direcdy in foods, pharmaceuticals (qv), and cosmetics, and indirectly in packaging materials (qv). Propylene glycol also finds use as an intermediate for numerous chemicals, in hydrauhc fluids (qv), in heat-transfer fluids (antifreeze), and in many other apphcations (273). 

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