Pack decoration

This section covers package decoration formats rather than the detail of their printing. Packaging that is delivered pre-printed, such as cans and drinks cartons, is covered in Sections 9.6-9.8. Decoration formats include labels that are stuck on to packages and heat-shrink plastic sleeves, which may be applied through a labelling technology or as a pre-made sleeve and heat-shrunk into place. 

Labels (made of paper or plastic) are usually applied to the filled package by a labelling machine. If the package has been filled below the dew point, then the package is likely to be wet by the time the label is applied. Special adhesives are therefore used and suitable advice can be provided by adhesive manufacturers. 

Labels must be applied to a flat or two-dimensional surface. Compound curves result in the label creasing and looking unsightly. A label can be a patch, which may be square or rectangular or shaped into a particular profile. Shaped labels are usually used for products with a premium positioning. 

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Labels may be used in addition to the main pack decoration (special offers, price tags, etc.) and, as in the case of certain materials, for instance glass, are the most economical means of applying printed detail. (Ceramic printing has limited applications to reusable glass containers.)... 

In addition to alkyl-substituted derivatives, soluble PPPs 6 are also known today containing alkoxy groups as well as ionic side groups (carboxy and sulfonic acid functions) [18]. Schliiter et al. recently described the generation of soluble PPPs decorated with densely packed stcrically demanding dendrons on the formation of cylindrically shaped dendrimers, so-called cylinder dendrimers ] 19]. 

The nucleation behavior of transition metal particles is determined by the ratio between the thermal energy of the diffusing atoms and the interaction of the metal atoms at the various nucleation sites. To create very small particles or even single atoms, low temperatures and metal exposures have to be used. The metal was deposited as metal atoms impinging on the surface. The metal exposure is given as the thickness (in monolayer ML) of a hypothetical, uniform, close-packed metal layer. The interaction strength of the metals discussed here was found to rise in the series from Pd < Rh < Co ( Ir) < V [17,32]. Whereas Pd and Rh nucleate preferentially at line defects at 300 K and decorate the point defects at 90 K, point defects are the predominant nucleation center for Co and V at 300 K. At 60 K, Rh nucleates at surface sites between point defects [16,33]. 

Whether the annual sales volume will justify a customised pack or require a standard format be used, relying on the decoration to provide product differentiation, will be considered during the development phase. The timing to introduce the product in a stock pack will be faster than if a new pack has to be developed, new tooling produced and the pack evaluated. 

Figure 9-43. (a) Dove-tail dense packing of 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene molecules [64] (b) Chinese decoration on a sculpture in the sculpture garden of the Ming tombs, near Beijing and (c) Detail of the armor (photographs by on the authors). 

Typical applications for PVC-P materials include floor and wall coverings, film packaging, decorative surface coatings and stationery. Calendered PVC-U sheet is used for thermoforming of packs and containers. 

Monomers decorated with chiral side-chains can induce a transfer of chirality at the supramolecular level. Indeed, several examples show that disklike molecules, designed to pile up into long reversible columns, form in fact helical columns, driven by the favorable packing of the chiral lateral substituents [30,32,93,94,99]. This chiral packing effect is strong enough to induce a chiral amplification a low amount of chiral monomer mixed with a non-chiral monomer can still drive the formation of helical columns. 

Metalfoil paper. Gum, gelatine, or albumen is pasted on one side of paper and a metal foil is placed.on top and pressed this is the old method. At present metallic foil powder is used and it is manufactured in the same way as lustre paper. Aluminium foil is used for silver and bronze foil for gold. There is sometimes an imitation which uses aluminium foil on which varnish is painted. This is used for decorating products or packing of toy fireworks to make them moistureproof or airproof. In practice the point must be made that the metal foils have pinholes and they can be porous. 

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