P-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Oxidation of P-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to NAD+ has attracted much interest from the viewpoint of its role in biosensors reactions. It has been reported that several quinone derivatives and polymerized redox dyes, such as phenoxazine and phenothiazine derivatives, possess catalytic activities for the oxidation of NADH and have been used for dehydrogenase biosensors development [1, 2]. Flavins (contain in chemical structure isoalloxazine ring) are the prosthetic groups responsible for NAD+/NADH conversion in the active sites of some dehydrogenase enzymes. Upon the electropolymerization of flavin derivatives, the effective catalysts of NAD+/NADH regeneration, which mimic the NADH-dehydrogenase activity, would be synthesized [3]. 

P-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced di-Na salt trihydrate (reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide sodium salt, NADH) [606-68-8] M 763.5, pK as for NAD. 

NADPH—p-Nicotinamide adenine-dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form. 

NADH p-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form... 

P-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced disodium salt trihydrate (reduced... 

Diphosphopyridine nucleotide (NAD, DPN) see P-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (diphosphopyridine nucleotide entry in Chapter 5. 

P-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt (reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide phosphate sodium salt, NADPH) [2646-71-1] M 833.4. Mostly similar to NADH above. 

Conditions for cytosolic incubations depend on the aim of the assay e.g. to cover specific enzymatic activity present in the cytosol. For this purpose it is essential to fortify the incubation medium with the specific cofactor for the reaction-if needed (Ekins 1999). (J> -Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is needed for alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) for polyamine oxidase, P-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Phase II reactions depend on PAPS (sulfotransferases,... 

In another example, a mixed monolayer composed of a photoisomerizabie component and an electrochemical catalyst was applied to switch the electrocatalytic properties of a modified eleetrode between ON and OFF states. A Au-electrode surface functionalized with a nitrospiropyran mono-layer and PQQ moieties incorporated into the monolayer was applied to control the electrocatalytic oxidation of 1,4-dihydri-P-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by light. The positively charged nitromerocyanine-state interface resulted in the repulsion of Ca cations, which are promoters for the NADH oxidation by the PQQ, thus resulting in the inhibition of the electrocatalytic process. In the nitrospiropyran state, the monolayer does not prevent the association of the PQQ catalyst and promoter thus it provides efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH. Similar outcomes have been achieved using a combination of the photo- and thermal effects resulting... 

P-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP, TPN) [53-59-8] M 743.4, pKi 1.1 (PO4H2), pK2 4.0 (adenine NH2), PK3 6.1 (P04 ). Purified by anion-exchange chromatography in much the same way as for NAD [Dalziel and Dickinson Biochem 7 95 311 1965 Biochemical Preparations 11 87 1966]. Finally it is purified by dissolving in H2O and precipitating with 4 volumes of Me2CO and dried in... 

NADP, p-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH, reduced NADP... 

NADPH P- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, Reduced Form... 

Scheme 5. Mechanism proposed for malic enzyme, where NAD(P) = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. (NADPH = reduced NAD(P) Adapted from Ref. (137).]...

NAD P-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, reduced form NADP P-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized form... 

Surface modification of mesoporous silica gel (average pore diameter 15 nm) by P-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) (Vartzouma et al. 2004) leads to changes in the Si CP MAS NMR spectrum (Figure 1.247). The intensity of Qj and Qi sites decreases because of replacing of the surface H atoms by NAD+. This changes can be used to estimate the adsorption degree of a modifier that is of importance to elucidate the influence of modified surfaces on the interfacial behavior of water or other adsorbates. 

Therefore a field test for NO3 was developed with the biological reducing agent p-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH, derived from the vitamin niacin) instead of Cd. The enzyme nitrate reductase (Figure 18-12) catalyzes the reduction ... 

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