Ozone treatment technolog

Ozone Treatment Technology Features and Application Benefits... 

Can ozone be used as the only means of water disinfection in a treatment facility If not, why not, and what other technologies do you think would work in combination with ozone treatment ... 

J. Katz (ed.). Ozone and Chlorine Dioxide Technology for Disinfection of Drinking Water, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1980, 659 pp. R. G. Rice and M. E. Browning, Ozone Treatment of Industrial Wastewater, Noyes Data Coip., Park Ridge, New Jersey, 1981, 371 pp. 

Ciardelli, G., Capanelli, G. and Bottini, A., Ozone Treatment of Textile Wastewaters for Reuse, in Proceedings of the 2"J International Conference on Oxidation Technologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany, 28-31 May, 2000. 

According to the number of AOPs investigations directed to the treatment of eolored wastewater, the most studied processes are Fenton type proeesses, then UV-based technologies, ozone-based technologies, etc. This part of chapter contains the more detailed review of AOPs applied for the treatment of eolored wastewater investigated in our laboratory, and the less detailed overview of other AOPs. 

Direct chemical oxidation (DCO) is an ex situ treatment technology that uses acidified ammonium or sodium peroxydisulfate solutions to oxidize and destroy organic solids, liquids, and sludges. Acidified peroxydisulfate is one of the strongest oxidants available. It is equal in strength to ozone and exceeded only by fluorine and oxyfluorides. The process is designed to operate within the aqueous phase at low temperatures and ambient pressure. 

Effect of hydrogen peroxide on ozone treatment system at ozone production rates of 10.5 and 15.7 lb/day. The x-axis shows the hydrogen peroxide-to-ozone mass ratio. The treatment efficiency report is the sum of oxidation and air stripping. (From USEPA, Ultrox International Ultraviolet Radiation/Oxidation Technology—Applications Analysis Report, EPA/540/A5-89/ 012, September 1990.)... 

In routine analytical laboratories, the use of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is an emerging alternative to conventional sample treatments2 for analytical and environmental chemists. AOPs involve the in situ generation of highly potent chemical oxidants, such as the hydroxyl radical (OH ). Several processes have been applied in analytical sample pretreatment homogenous UV irradiation, either by direct irradiation of the sample or photolysis mediated by an appropriate chemical reagent ozone and ultrasonic irradiation. A variety of AOPs ensures compliance of specific treatment requirements with optimum treatment technologies (Table 5.1). 

Rice RG, Browning ME. Ozone treatment of industrial wastewater. Pollution Technology Review No. 84. Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Data Corporation, 1981. 

The most important water treatment technologies are summarized in Fig. 5-6. Depending on the source and on the water quahty, either mechanical, biological, physical, thermal, or chemical processes or their combinations may be applied. Photochemical AOPs and AOTs are subordinated to chemical processes, mainly because the current technological versions of photochemical wastewater remediation are dependent on the addition of auxihary oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone or special catalysts such as titanium dioxide. Photochemical AOPs are attractive alternatives to non-destructive physical water treatment processes, for example adsorption, air stripping or desorption and membrane processes. The last merely transport contaminants from one phase to another, whereas the former are able to minerahze organic water contaminants (cf. Chapter 1). 

Fig. 5.8 Examples of oxidative water treatment technologies used in industry, research and development [adapted from FIGAWA (1997), and supplemented by novel methods]. The numbers 1 to 9 refer to the generalized reaction sequences presented in Figure 5-9. a) Oxidation at elevated temperatures between 220°C < T <300°C or supercritical water oxidation at AT >374°C, Ap >221 bar (221000 kPa) (cf Chapter 1) b) oxidation in the presence of bimetallics Fe°/Ni° or Zn°/Ni° (Cheng and Wu, 2001) or heterogeneous oxidation in supercritical water catalyzed by metals Me = Cu, Ag, Au/Ag-alloy c) Fenton reaction at pH <5 d) photo-assisted Fenton reaction, irradiation in the UV-B/VIS range e) the mixture of oxidants O3/H2O2 is called PEROXONE f) ozonation using solid-bed catalysts with conditioned activated carbon (AC) g) vacuum-UV photolysis of water.

SOME FINDINGS FROM THE USE OF OZONATION IN TECHNOLOGY FOR TEXTILE WASTEWATER TREATMENT... 

Chemical Oxidation (Ozonation) Used in Textile Mills (Woven Fabric Finishing) TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY Chemical Oxidation (Ozone)... 

Initially, fuel sulfur was regulated to reduce emissions of the oxides of sulfur, which contribute to acid rain, ozone, and smog. The recent and stricter round of sulfur specifications, however, are an effort to reduce automobile emissions of the oxides of nitrogen (NO c) and particulate matter (PM). For example, the 15 ppmw diesel sulfur limit follows from the USEPA s parallel program of rule making that seeks to reduce automobile NO and PM emissions by 95% and 90%, respectively, by 2007. Automobile manufacturers are demanding ultra-low-sulfur fuels because only then would their advanced, sulfur-sensitive after-treatment technologies achieve such drastic reductions in NO and PM emissions. 

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