Ozone sanitization chlorine

Chlorine is a yellow-green gas that is very reactive. Both ozone and chlorine are used to kill bacteria and generally sanitize public areas such as swimming pools and hospital rooms. 

Sanitizers. Spa and hot-tub sanitation is dominated by chlorine- and bromine-based disinfectants. Public spas and tubs usually employ automatic feeders, eg, CI2 gas feeders, to maintain a disinfectant residual. Private or residential spas and tubs can use automatic chemical feeding or generating devices, or they can be sanitized manually with granular or liquid products. The most widely used products for private spa and tub sanitation are sodium dichloroisocyanurate and bromochlorodimethylhydantoin. Granular products are normally added before and after use, whereas solids, eg, stick-bromine, are placed in skimmers or feeders. Bromine generating systems can also be used and are based on oxidation of bromide ions (added to the water as sodium bromide) by peroxymonosulfate, chloroisocyanurates, hypochlorites, or ozone to generate the disinfectant HOBr. 

Microbial fouling is best dealt with before biofilm becomes mature. Biofilm protects the microorganisms from the action of shear forces and biocidal chemicals used to attack them. Microbes can be destroyed using chlorine, ozone, ultraviolet radiation, or some non-oxidizing biocides (see Chapters 8.2.1,8.2.2, 8.1.8, and 8.2.5, respectively). An effective method to control bacteria and biofilm growth usually involves a combination of these measures. Specifically, chlorination or ozonation of the pretreatment system, followed by dechlorination to protect the membranes, or UV distraction followed by periodic sanitation with a non-oxidizing biocide used directly on the membranes. 

This evaluation showed that with the ozonator + chlorine system the disinfection is mainly due to the chlorine pellet additions as the pollution level decreases after each addition to strongly increase again after few days with only ozone disinfection. The problem with such system is that the spa water is always cycling between an overload of chlorine (after shock chlorination) and a high bacterial pollution when there is no remaining chlorine in the water. With Mini-DiaCell , the sanitation and stabilization of the water is longer (approximately 7 days), but after this period the bacterial level in the water remains stable at very low level. 

Oxidation-reduction reactions can be used for bleaching materials and sanitizing water. Sodium hypochlorite is used in solution as a liquid laundry bleach and as a solid component of dishwasher powders and cleansers. Calcium hypochlorite is often used for swimming pool sanitation. The hypochlorites kill bacteria in water by oxidizing them. Ozoue is a powerful oxidizing agent that can also be used to purify water. The ozone destroys bacteria and organic pollutants. Water that has been sanitized by ozone is free of the unpleasant taste, smell, and byproducts associated with chlorinated water. 

DBDMH and BCDMH. These slow-dissolving tablets are used in either a floater or in-line erosion feeder. When bromine tablets are added to water, hypobromous acid (HOBr) is produced along with bromide ion (Br ). The bromide ion is ineffective in pool sanitation. The bromide ion in a pool can be activated, or reactivated, to hypobromous acid using chlorine, ozone or more commonly by the use of potassium monopersulfate. 

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