Oxygen-furnace process

Crambe was introduced to the United States in the 1970s. It is an oilseed, the oil of which is very high in emcic acid [112-86-7] (13-docosanoic acid), C22H42O2. This oil can be used to provide industrial lubricants, especially those needed for the basic oxygen furnace process for making steel (qv). Crambe is grown in relatively small volume in the midwestem United States. 

Oxygen-Furnace Process Method of steelmaking in which an oxygen stream is directed downward onto a melted mass of pig iron and scrap, thereby producing high-quality carbon steels also known as LD process, after the Austrian towns of Linz and Donawitz, where it was developed. 

Basic oxygen furnaces (BOFs) have largely replaced open hearth furnaces for steelmaking. A water-cooled oxygen lance is used to blow high-purity oxygen into the molten metal bath. This causes violent agitation and rapid oxidation of the carbon, impurities, and some of the iron. The reaction is exothermic, and an entire heat cycle requires only 30-50 min. The atmospheric emissions from the BOF process are listed in Table 30-16. 

Basic Oxygen Furnace Boilers (BOF Boilers) Basic oxygen furnace boilers are commonly employed in the BOF steel-making process. A WH boiler is fitted into the flue gas hood. The WH boiler may be either a steam generator of water-wall membrane construction or a steam-pressurized HTHW boiler. Where a steam generator is employed, the steam is fed to the plant for general use. 

Ajax An oxygen steelmaking process in which the oxygen is injected into an open hearth furnace through water-cooled lances. Used at the Appleby-Frodingham steelworks, UK. 

ALUREC A process for recovering aluminum from residues obtained from the remelting of aluminum scrap. The material is melted in a rotating furnace heated with natural gas and oxygen. Previous processes involved melting with salt. Developed jointly by AGA, Hoogovens Aluminium, and MAN GHH, and offered in 1994. 

EOF [Energy optimizing furnace] An oxygen steelmaking process in which part of the heat is provided by the combustion of carbon powder blown beneath the surface of the molten iron. Developed by the KORF group and being considered for use in India in 1987. 

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