Steel making oxygen furnace process

Crambe was introduced to the United States in the 1970s. It is an oilseed, the oil of which is very high in emcic acid [112-86-7] (13-docosanoic acid), C22H42O2. This oil can be used to provide industrial lubricants, especially those needed for the basic oxygen furnace process for making steel (qv). Crambe is grown in relatively small volume in the midwestem United States. 

Basic Oxygen Furnace Boilers (BOF Boilers) Basic oxygen furnace boilers are commonly employed in the BOF steel-making process. A WH boiler is fitted into the flue gas hood. The WH boiler may be either a steam generator of water-wall membrane construction or a steam-pressurized HTHW boiler. Where a steam generator is employed, the steam is fed to the plant for general use. 

Batch-type production processes, particularly those with small batch sizes, have less energy efficiency as compared to continuous processes. A typical example of a batch operation on a relatively small scale is the production of titanium in 1-ton batches of the metal. The energy efficiency of the process is much less than that of continuous methods such as iron being produced in a blast furnace, or even of large-scale batch methods such as basic oxygen steel-making. The heat losses per unit of production are much less in continuous and large-batch processes, and this also enables the waste heat from process streams to be used. 

There are two process routes for making steel in the UK today the electric arc furnace and the basic oxygen converter. The latter requires a charge of molten iron, which is produced in blast furnaces. The raw materials for producing molten iron are iron ore, coking coal, and fluxes (materials that help the chemical process) - mainly limestone. 

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