Oxygen evolution reaction OER

In this chapter, the focus will be on trends in electrocatalysis of the water-splitting reaction or the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is the reaction at the anode side in an electrolysis cell. Furthermore, simple framework for addressing OER applying DFT simulations will be presented. For further reading, there are two previous book chapters where the approach has been reviewed [3, 4],... 

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been investigated at both BDD and BDD/Ir02 electrodes, using perchloric and sulfuric acid aqueous test solutions. 

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be considered as one of the most relevant processes in electrochemistry involved in, for instance, chlor-alkali and ozone productions. One of the challenges is seawater electrolysis in order to store pure hydrogen and oxygen gases and prevent CI2 formation. The overall OER,... 

The rate of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on pyrolytic graphite is higher than that for glassy carbon. For both the carbon electrodes, the temperature pretreatment has no influence on the current measured at constant potential. 

In a recent paper by Bolzan and Arvia, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was studied on different types of oxide-coated Pt electrodes in 1 mol dm H2SO4. The various oxide layers were obtained by various potential cychng and by galvanostatic oxidation. The experimental results were interpreted in terms of different oxide layer structure on the basis of the assumptions ... 

A.K.M.F. Kibria, S. A. Tarafdar, Electrochemical studies of a nickel-copper electrode for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 27, 879-884 (2002)... 

It is important to determine the conductivity and flat-band potential ( ft) of a photoelectrode before carrying out any photoelectrochemical experiments. These properties help to elucidate the band structure of a semiconductor which ultimately determines its ability to drive efficient water splitting. Photoanodes (n-type conductivity) drive the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the electrode-electrolyte interface, while photocathodes (p-type conductivity) drive the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The conductivity type is determined from the direction of the shift in the open circuit potential upon illumination. Illuminating the electrode surface will shift the Fermi level of the bulk (measured potential) towards more anodic potentials for a p-type material and towards more cathodic potentials for a n-type material. The conductivity type is also used to determine the potential ranges for three-electrode j-V measurements (see section Three-Electrode J-V and Photocurrent Onset ) and type of suitable electrolyte solutions (see section Cell Setup and Connections for Three- and Two-Electrode Configurations ) used for the electrochemical analyses. 

The Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). The OER is the primary electrochemical reaction in water electrolysis, metal electrowinning, and recharging of metal-air cells. The standard electrode potential for this reaction at 25°C is 1.299 V vs the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) in acid media and 0.401 V in alkaline media. The pertinent... 

The motivation for studying the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on minute amounts of platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts stems from the necessity to add robusmess to the fuel cell (FC) catalysts during the so-called transient... 

Reier T, Oezaslan M, Strasser P (2012) Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on Ru, Ir, and Pt catalysts a comparative study of nanoparticles and bulk materials. ACS Catal 2 1765-1772... 

Reaction 3.16 produces O2 and is called the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The protons transport through the PEM from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, where they combine with the electrons from the power source to form H2. 

Until now, the methodology available to study charge transfer reactions at soft interfaces has been rather mature, and studies in the field have shifted to the study of catalyzed reactions such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), or even oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Eor this, two classes of catalysts have been used (i) molecular catalysts and (ii) nanoparticle solid catalysts. These two approaches draw their inspiration from classical molecular catalysis and from electrocatalysis, respectively. 

However, the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) from the water in acid solutions is thermodynamically slightly more favorable than the CER given by Eq. 2 (the fP value for the OER is 1.229 V). Bearing in mind that electrocatalysis essentially implies the activity and selectivity of various electrode materials toward a certain electrode reaction [2], the correct choice of electrode material that is of high electrocatalytic activity for the CER and of lower activity for the OER is of extreme importance. Anyhow, CAT is always subjected to current loss due to the OER as a side reaction. This fact sets additional demands toward the anode material for the CER, i.e., its stability toward the OER and consequently its durability in CAT. 

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an enabler of several technological applications. In energy storage, these include regenerative... 

Fig. 2 Historical apparatuses used to study the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by Johann Wilhelm Ritter (a) [27] and August Wilhelm von Hoffmann (b) [28] as well as a Knallgasvoltameter (oxyhydrogen gas voltameter c) [29], in which the oxygen evolution reaction is employed to measure electric current. In all drawings, the ratio of 2 1 for hydrogen gas to oxygen gas can be seen clearly...

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