Oxygen commercial production

The electrolytic processes for commercial production of hydrogen peroxide are based on (/) the oxidation of sulfuric acid or sulfates to peroxydisulfuric acid [13445-49-3] (peroxydisulfates) with the formation of hydrogen and (2) the double hydrolysis of the peroxydisulfuric acid (peroxydisulfates) to Caro s acid and then hydrogen peroxide. To avoid electrolysis of water, smooth platinum electrodes are used because of the high oxygen overvoltage. The overall reaction is... 

The commercial product is a powder containing a minimum of 96% Na202 and approximately 20% active oxygen. It is made commercially by oxidizing the molten metal with either oxygen or air enriched in oxygen. Early industrial history (1) and manufacturing details (3) are available. Sodium... 

The commercial product is a dull yeUow powder containing about 90% Ba02 and about 8.5% active oxygen the remainder is mainly barium carbonate and barium hydroxide. The principal use is in pyrotechnics, but there are also small uses in the curing of polysulftde mbbers and in the production of certain titanium—aluminum alloys. 

The commercial product is a white, crystalline powder having an active oxygen content of at least 10%. It melts at about 60°C however, if water vapor is free to escape during heating, the crystals do not melt but are converted to the anhydrous peroxoborate. 

The commercial product has an active oxygen content of at least 15%. This product has replaced the hexahydrate in some household detergents and other domestic products because it dissolves faster and has a greater content of active oxygen per unit volume of granular product. 

The commercial product is a white powder containing a minimum of 13% of active oxygen and up to 15% of anhydrous sodium carbonate. The solubihty ia water at 20°C is about 150 g/L. 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water No reaction Reactivity with Common Materials Attacks copper and copper alloys these metals should not be used. Penetrates leather, so contaminated leather shoes and gloves should be destroyed. Attacks aluminum in high concentrations Stability During Transport Stable Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Not pertinent Polymerization May occur spontaneously in absence of oxygen or on exposure to visible light or excessive heat, violently in the presence of alkali. Pure ACN is subject to polymerization with rapid pressure development. The commercial product is inhibited and not subject to this reaction Inhibitor of Polymerization Methylhydroquinone (35 - 45 ppm). 

Grieshaber, K.W., Philipp, C.T., and Bennett, G.F., Process for recycling spent potliner and electric arc furnace dust into commercial products using oxygen enrichment, Waste Management, 14(3-4), 267-276, 1994. 

Photocrosslinking. The second class of photopolymer chemistry that is used in some commercial products is based on the reaction of unsaturated moieties attached to an organic polymer. These photopolymer materials include the [2+2] cycloaddition of the ethylenic groups in poly(vinyl cinnamate) polymers and in the newer styryl pyridinium (10) and thiazolium (77) derivatives of poly(vinyl alcohol). The main advantage of this chemistry is that, unlike free-radical photopolymerization, they are insensitive to the presence of oxygen. This photopolymer mechanism is principally used in applications employing a washout development process (e.g. resists). 

Most krypton produced in commercial scale comes from air. Krypton and other inert gases are obtained from air by a distdlation-hquefaction process. Different types of air-separation plants varying in design are known for commercial production of nitrogen, oxygen, and inert gases (See Hehum). 

Barium peroxide was used in commercial production of oxygen in the past. Heating harium oxide in air at 500°C forms barium peroxide, which decomposes at 800°C to yield oxygen ... 

CaO has been used to some degree as a stabilizer and is attractive due to its low cost. Its ionic conductivity, however, is approximately an order of magnitude less than an equivalent yttria stabilized body. There has also been some question about the chemical stability of a CaO stabilized body, although this may be more of a factor with a partially stabilized body than a fully stabilized body. Calcia fully stabilized ZrO has been and may still be used in commercial production of oxygen sensors. 

The commercial product of the Lucidol Division contains a minimum of 95% of peroxide active oxygen 5.8% (min). It is a white fine powder mp 60-65°... 

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