Oxyethylene moieties

Ueda, K., Yamazaki, Y., Noto, H.,Teshima, Y., Yamashita, C., Sakaeda,T., and Iwakawa, S. (2003), Effect of oxyethylene moieties in hydrogenated castor oil on the pharmacokinetics of menatetrenone incorporated in O/W lipid emulsions prepared with hydrogenated castor oil and soybean oil in rats, /. Drug Target., 11, 37 13. 

PAGS-8 and PAGS-12 are also water insoluble. The tendency toward side-chain crystallization and the hydrophobic backbone of the polymer contributes to their poor water solubility. Gloud points could be measured in 3% aqueous solutions of PM MS-8 in the presence of various salts (Figure 1). Gonsistent with data reported for nonionic surfactants and polymers with oxyethylene moieties, the cloud points are sensitive to the type of salts added, especially that of the anion. Fluorides and sulfates are effective salting-out agents, whereas thiocyanates raise the cloud points. 

In this chapter, the dramatic effect that monol content or polyol functionality has on processability and properties of polyurethane cast elastomers is discussed. This effect is shown for elastomers prepared by both the prepolymer and one-shot processes. Further improvements in elastomer processability and formulating latitude can be achieved by incorporating oxyethylene moieties into the polyol backbone. For one-shot elastomer processes, ultra-low monol PPG polyols capped with ethylene oxide have been commercialised. 

Experimental sample Polyoxypropylene-oxyethylene diol containing 20 weight percent oxyethylene moieties. ... 

It is important to note that complexes, other than those containing oxyethylene moieties can also exhibit cloud point phenomena. Figure 12 shows the phase diagram of the anionic-cationic surfactant system sodium- -lauroyl-iV-methyl-p-alanine-stearyltrimeth-ylammonium chloride [38]. 

Polyamides with short trimethylene aliphatic flexible sequences were described by Nasr-Isfahani et al. [4]. The poly condensation of the diacid l,3-(4-carboxy phenoxy)propane with various aromatic diamines by direct polycondensation provide PAs with moderate yield. These PAs were found to be soluble in polar aprotic solvents and soluble even in acetone and in THF. Ferreiro et al. [5] described the effect of lateral oxyethylene moieties on the properties of aromatic polyisophthalamides. Several polyisophthalamides containing short sequences of oxyethylene as pendent substituents were synthesized by the reaction of three aromatic diamine monomers and four novel diacid monomers containing pendent oxyethylene units by the phosphorylation method of polycondensation. The polymers were prepared in high yield and high molecular weight. 

The detergent range alcohols and their derivatives have a wide variety of uses ia consumer and iadustrial products either because of surface-active properties, or as a means of iatroduciag a long chain moiety iato a chemical compound. The major use is as surfactants (qv) ia detergents and cleaning products. Only a small amount of the alcohol is used as-is rather most is used as derivatives such as the poly(oxyethylene) ethers and the sulfated ethers, the alkyl sulfates, and the esters of other acids, eg, phosphoric acid and monocarboxyhc and dicarboxyhc acids. Major use areas are given ia Table 11. 

Of interest here is the question relating to the value for the slope coefficient, k, from equation (1), when surfactant structures incorporating both ionic (say sulphonate) and nonionic moieties are included together. The Ghanges in electric double layer effects imparted from salt addition might dominate the packing constraints and therefore the phase inversion process, or perhaps oxyethylene dehydration effects from the presence of toluene could also play a role. 

Fluorescence is measured in dilute solution of model compounds for polymers of 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and eight different glycols. The ratio of excimer to monomer emission depends on the glycol used. Studies as functions of temperature and solvent show that, in contrast with the analogous polyesters in which the naphthalene moiety is replaced with a benzene ring, there can be a substantial dynamic component to the excimer emission. Extrapolation to media of infinite viscosity shows that in the absence of rotational isomerism during the lifetime of the singlet excited state, there is an odd-even effect In the series in which the flexible spacers differ in the number of methylene units, but not in the series in which the flexible spacers differ in the number of oxyethylene units. 

Matsuura H, Fukuhara K (1985) Conformational-analysis of poly(oxyethylene) chain in aqueous-solution as a hydrophilic moiety of non-ionic surfactants. J Mol Struct 126 251-260... 

The pendant functions listed in Figure 3 are often useful and of synthetic interest per se. For example, methacrylate and acrylate esters are polymerizable (cross-linking sites) [19-21] the cinnamate is photorespon-sive (for the photo-induced dimerization of its unsaturated groups) [20] oligo(oxyethylene) [25-27] and carbohydrate groups [35] give hydrophilic and water-soluble polymers, whereas perfluoroalkyl moieties [32-34] enhance hydrophobicity. Thus, poly(vinyl ethers) with cinnamate functions... 

Many sterically stabilized dispersions can be induced to flocculate simply by decreasing the solvency of the dispersion medium for the stabilizing moieties. This may be achieved for some systems by changing the temperature and/or pressure. Other dispersions, however, resolutely defy all such efforts to induce flocculation merely by adjusting the ambient conditions. This is especially evident with certain aqueous sterically stabilized dispersions. For example poly(vinyl acetate) latices stabilized by poly(oxyethylene) in pure water are stable at 100 C. In these instances, the addition of a substance that reduces the solvency of the dispersion medium for the stabilizing moieties usually permits flocculation to be observed. In aqueous systems, for example, the addition of electrolytes will commonly reduce the solvent power that water displays for the polymeric stabilizing moieties. In nonaqueous media, all that is usually required is the addition of a nonsolvent for the stabilizing chains that is miscible with the dispersion medium. This method is also applicable to the flocculation of aqueous sterically stabilized dispersions. 

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