Oxoanions naming

Prefixes in oxoanion names are retained in the names of the corresponding oxoacids. Thus, HCIO4 and HCIO are called perchloric acid and hypochlorous acid, respectively. 

The oxoanions of bromine and iodine are named like those of chlorine. 

Polyatomic ions, as you have seen (Table 2.2), are given special names. Certain non-metals in Groups 15 to 17 of the periodic table form more than one polyatomic ion containing oxygen (oxoanions). The names of several such oxoanions are shown in Table 2.3. From the entries in the table, you should be able to deduce the following rules ... 

The names of oxoacids are simply related to those of the corresponding oxoanions. The -ate suffix of the anion is replaced by -ic in the acid. In a similar way, the suffix -ite is replaced by the suffix -ous. The prefixes per- and hypo- found in the name of the anion are retained in... 

Strategy In (a), note that the specie is a gas, not an arid. In (b) and (c), refer back to Table 2.3 for the name of the oxoanion. In (d), reason by analogy with chlorine oxoacids. 

Some elements—particularly the halogens—form more than two kinds of oxoanions. The name of the oxoanion with the smallest number of oxygen atoms is formed by adding the prefix hypo- to the -ite form of the name, as in the hypochlorite ion, CIO-. The oxoanion with the most oxygen atoms is named with the prefix per- added to the -ate form of the name. An example is the perchlorate ion, C104-. The rules for naming polyatomic ions are summarized in Appendix 3A and common examples are listed in Table D.l. 

Names of monatomic anions end in -ide. Oxoanions are anions that contain oxygen. The suffix -ate indicates a greater number of oxygen atoms titan the suffixe -ite within the same series of oxoanions. 

D.20 The formal rules of chemical nomenclature result in a certain compound used for electronic components being called barium titanate(IV), in which the oxidation state of titanium is +4. See if you can work out its likely chemical formula. When you have identified the rules for naming oxoanions, suggest a formal name for H,S04. 

Most polyatomic anions contain a central atom surrounded by one to four oxygen atoms. These species are called oxoanions, and they are named according to the following guidelines ... 

This system is additive and was developed originally to name coordination compounds, although it can be used in other circumstances when appropriate. For a discussion, see the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Chapter 10. The compound to be named is considered as a central atom together with its ligands, and the name is developed by assembling the individual names of the constituents. This system has also been applied to name oxoacids and the related anions. Coordination names for oxoanions are cited in the examples throughout the text, and they are presented in detail in Section 4.4.5 (p. 69). 

Note that certain oxoanions still retain trivial names and these are listed in Table 4.1. Note also the exceptional use of hydro instead of the usual hydrido to represent the bound hydride ion. This is restricted to boron nomenclature and survives for historical reasons. 

We first met polyatomic ions and oxoanions in Section C. Many of the most important and common polyatomic anions are the oxoanions (Table D.l). If only one oxoanion of an element is common, its name is formed by adding the suffix -ate to the stem of the name of the element, as in the carbonate ion, C032-. Some elements can form two types of... 

Oxoacids and Oxoanions The names of oxoanions and their parent acids can be deter- ... 

Various generic names have been used for oxoacids and oxoanions. Because there are many of them, it is difficult to define the terms unambiguously and consistently. But the following statements may be helpful. 

Tellurium, a group 6A element, forms the oxoanions Te042- and Te032. What are the likely names of these ions To what other group 6A oxoanions are they analogous ... 

Give the formulas and the likely names of the acids derived from the tellurium-containing oxoanions in Problem 2.94. 

Analogous oxoanions of elements in the same group of the periodic table are named similarly. Based on the names of the oxoanions of phosphorus and sulfur, name the following anions ... 

Both metals and nonmetals form oxoanions with the central atom in a variety of oxidation states, e.g., NOy and NOy, Mn042- and Mn04-. The traditional names reflect these differences by using the suffix -... 

Oxoanions (also called oxyanions) contain one element in combination with oxygen. Many common polyatomic anions are oxoanions that end with the suffix -ate. If an element has two possible oxoanions, the one with the element at a lower oxidation state ends with -ite. This anion will also usually have less oxygen per atom. Additional oxoanions are named with the prefix hypo- if they have a lower oxidation number than the -ite form and the prefix per- if they have a higher oxidation number than the -ate form. 

There are special naming rules for acids that correspond with the suffix of their corresponding anion if hydrogen were removed from the acid. Anions ending with -ide correspond to acids with the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic. Anions ending with -ate correspond to acids with no prefix that end with -ic. Oxoanions ending with -ite have associated acids with no prefix and the suffix -ous. The hypo- and per- prefixes are maintained. Some examples are shown in the following table ... 

An oxoacid is an acid formed from a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen, hydrogen, and another element. (Oxoacids are called oxyacids in some chemistry textbooks). In Chapter 3, you learned the names of common polyatomic ions and their valences (oxidation numbers). The names of oxoacids are similar to the names of their polyatomic oxoanions. Only the suffix is different. Study the three rules and examples for naming oxoacids below. Then try the Practice Problems that follow. 

Write the chemical formulas for the following acids. Then name and write the formulas for the oxoanions that form from each acid. Refer to Chapter 3, Table 3.5, Names and Valences of Some Common Polyatomic Ions, as necessary. 

Just as for cations, there are three types of anions for naming purposes. Monatomic anions are easy to name. A second type, oxoanions, are anions that contain oxygen covalently bonded to another element. Table 6.3 presents some important... 

The names of monatomic anions have the ending of the element s name changed to -ide. The charge on any monatomic anion (except H ) is equal to the classical group number minus 8. The charge on each second-period oxoanion has two fewer negative charges than the... 

What can be said about the oxidation numbers of the group VIA elements in oxoanions whose names have the suffix -ate ... 

Consider the names of the oxoanions in Table 6.3. The ending -ate was used for ions with more oxygen. How could that rule be restated in terms of oxidation numbers ... 

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