Oxide apatite-type

Sansom, J.E.H., Najib, A., and Slater, P.R., Oxide ion conductivity in mixed Si/Ge-based apatite-type systems. Solid State Ionics, 2004, 175, 353-355. 

Kendrick E, Islam M S and Slater P R (2008), Atomic-scale mechanistic featnres of oxide ion conduction in apatite-type germinates , Chem Commun, 6,115-111. 

Nakayama S, Sakamoto M, Higuchi M, Kodaira K, Sato M, Kakita S, Suzuki T and Itoh K (1999), Oxide ionic condnctivity of apatite type Nd ,(Si04)40, single crystal , J Eur Ceram Soc, 19,507-510. 

Sansom J E H, Richings D and Slater P R (2001), A powder neutron diffraction study of the oxide-ion-conducting apatite-type phases, La93jSi4025 and LagSr2Si4026 , Solid State Ionics, 139,205-210. 

Slater P R, Sansom J E H and Tolchard J R (2004), Development of apatite-type oxide ion conductors , Chem Rec, 4,373-384. 

Tsipis E V, Kharton V V and Frade J R (2007), Electrochemical behavior of mixed-condncting oxide cathodes in contact with apatite-type LaioSi5A10265 electrolyte , Electrochim Acta, 52,4428-4435. 

Yoshioka H, Nojiri Y and Tanase S (2008), Ionic conductivity and fuel cell properties of apatite-type lanthanum silicates doped with Mg and containing excess oxide ions . Solid State Ionics, 179,2165-2169. 

Higuchi Y, Sugawata M, Onishi K, Sakamoto M, Nakayama S (2010) Oxide ionic conductivities of apatite-type lanthanum silicates and germanates and their possibilities as an electrolyte of lower temperature operating SOFC. Ceramics Int 36 955-959... 

Yoshioka H (2006) Oxide ionic conductivity of apatite-type lanthanum silicates. J Alloys Comp 408 12 649-652... 

Higuchi M, Masubuchi Y, Nakayama S, Kikkawa S, Kodaira K (2004) Single crystal growth and oxide ion conductivity of apatite-type rare-earth silicates. Solid State Ionics 174 73-80... 

Masubuchi Y, Higuchi M, Takeda T, Kikkawa S (2006) Preparation of apatite-type Lag 33(Si04)g02 oxide ion conductor by alcoxide-hydrolysis. J Alloys Comp 408 12 641-644... 

Nakayama S, Higuchi Y, Kondo Y, Sakamoto M (2004) Effects of catirai- or oxide ion-defect on conductivities of apatite-type La-Ge-O system ceramics. Solid State Ionics 170 219-223... 

Approaches to design of cathode and anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells with the apatite-type electrolyte compatible by thermal expansion and chemical tolerance were elaborated. For cathodes, nanocomposites comprised of complex Ni-containing perovskites and Fe-doped La silicate were found to be promising materials due to chemical compatibility and non-additive increase of both reactivity in O2 activation and oxygen mobility due to... 

Beaudet-Savignat, S., Lima, A., Brathet, C. and Henry, A. (2003), Elaboration and ionic conduction of apatite-type rare-earth oxides, Proc. of the Eighth International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-VIII), Eds. S.C. Singhal and M. Dokiya, pp. 372-378. 

Sansom, J.E.H., Sermon, P.A. and Slater, P.R. (2005), Synthesis and conductivities of the apatite-type phases, La9 33Si6 (Ge 026, La9BaSig tGe [026.s> and related titanium doped systems, Proc. of the ninth international symposium on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC-IX), Eds., S.C. Singhal and J. Mizusaki, Vol. 2, pp. 1156-1164, The Electrochemical Society Inc., Pennington, NJ, USA. 

In 2002, Ichihara and coworkers reported on the utilization of a Keggin-type phos-phomolybdate (NH4)3PMoi2O40 on apatite as catalyst for the solvent-free epoxidation of olefins (see Section III.A.3.c) and the oxidation of sulfldes and sulfoxides in the presence of urea hydrogen peroxide (Scheme 104) . Chemoselectivities of the oxidation of the sulfides were good [product ratios (sulflde/sulfoxide) 84/16 up to 91/9] depending on the substrate, temperature and reaction time. 

The most efficient matrix for retention of actinides and fission products is the uraninite mineral. However, it has been shown that other matricies such as apatite, clay minerals, zirconium silicates, and oxides (Fe, Mn) may also be important in the retention of fission products and actinides. For example, Pu was stored in apatite (Bros et al. 1996) and chlorite (Bros et al. 1993) in the core of the reactor 10. In the core of the reactors, between uraninite grains, 20-200 (j.m-sized metallic aggregates containing fissiogenic Ru, Rh, and Te associated with As, Pb, and S were found. These aggregates also exist in spent fuels of water-pressured type reactor plants, suggesting their analogy with spent fuels. 

The effect of amending soil with other types of organic-rich material has also been investigated by sequential extraction. These materials include chicken manure and cowpea leaves (Li et al, 1997) spent mushroom compost, commercial humic acid and poultry litter (Shuman, 1998) and cow manure, pig manure and peat soil (Narwal and Singh, 1998). The mechanisms by which inorganic additives (zeolite, apatite and iron oxide) reduce uptake of Cd and Pb by crops have also been studied (Chlopecka and Adriano, 1997). 

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