Oxidative stress alcohol

Allopurinol has been shown to attenuate lipid peroxidation in ethanol-fed rats (Kato etal., 1990). However, this was not correlated with any possible effect on histological damage and, as discussed previously, the significance of lipid peroxidation is unclear. Despite the evidence suggesting that oxidative stress and increased oxidative metabolism may play a role in the pathogenesis of human alcoholic liver disease, it remains to be shown that treatment with specific antioxidants will modify this process. 

Lecomte E, Herberth B, Pirollet P, Chancerelle Y and Amaud J. 1994. Effect of alcohol consumption on blood antioxidant nutrients and oxidative stress indicators. Am J Clin Nutr 60 255-261. 

Oxidative damage to membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to the formation of numerous lipid peroxidation products, some of which can be measured as index of oxidative stress, including hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and short carboxylic acids. 

Oxidative stress Glutathione depletion (e.g., acetaminophen, bromoben-zene, chloroform, allyl alcohol) redox cyclers (see oxidative phosphorylation) reactive metabolites... 

Balasubramaniyan,V, Kalaivani Sailaja,J. and Nalini, N. (2003) Role of leptin on alcohol-induced oxidative stress in Swiss mice. Pharmacological Research, 47 (3), 211-216. 

Das SK, Vasudevan DM Alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Life Sci 2007 81 177. [PMID 17570440]... 

It is important to stress the fact that no fragmentation needs to occur wherever a stable carbocation can be formed. In fact, there are plenty of reports of successful oxidations of alcohols with PDC, in which no fragmentation happens regardless of the potential formation of very stable carboca-tions via carbon-carbon bond breakages.184... 

Alcohol-related liver diseases are complex, and ethanol has been shown to interact with a large number of molecular targets. Ethanol can interfere with hepatic lipid metabolism in a number of ways and is known to induce both inflammation and necrosis in the liver. Ethanol increases the formation of superoxide by Kupffer cells thus implicating oxidative stress in ethanol-induced liver disease. Similarly prooxidants (reactive oxygen species) are produced in the hepatocytes by partial reactions in the action of CYP2E1, an ethanol-induced CYP isoform. The formation of protein adducts in the microtubules by acetaldehyde, the metabolic product formed from ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase, plays a role in the impairment of VLDL secretion associated with ethanol. 

Alcoholic liver disease may have several underlying causes there is evidence that the immune system is involved in some cases oxidative stress is thought to be important, as are the processes of inflammation. It has been suggested that there may be subgroups of patients with alcoholic liver disease in which different causes and factors are important. 

Antioxidants Combined application of the antioxidants zinc, selenium and tocopherol yielded better treatment results and a reduced mortality rate in alcoholic hepatitis. (75, 139) Alcohol-induced liver diseases are considered to be diseases associated with free radicals oxidative stress is thought to be a contributory factor of disease. (51, 145)... 

Lieber, C.S. Hepatic and metabolic effects of ethanol pathogenesis and prevention. Ann. Med. 1994 26 325-330 Ethanol metabolism, cirrhosis and alcoholism. Clin. Chim. Acta 1997 257 59-84 Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. Adv. Pharmacol. 1997 38 601-628... 

Rlgamonti, C., Mottaran, E., Reale, E., Rolla, R., Cipriani, V., Capelll, F., Boldorim, R., Vidali, IVL, Sartori, M., Albano, E. Moderate alcohol consumption increases oxidative stress in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2003 38 42-49... 

Aleynik, AJ., Leo, M.A., Aleynik, M.K., Lieber, C.S. Polyenylphos-phatidylcholine protects against alcohol but not iron-induced oxidative stress in the hver. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2000 24 196-206... 

Aleynik, SJ., Lieber, C.S. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine corrects the alcohol-induced hepatic oxidative stress by restoring S-adenosylmethi-onine. Alcohol Alcoholisms 2003 38 208-212... 

Wu D, Cederbaum Al. Oxidative stress and alcoholic liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 2009 29(2) 141-154. 

Alternatively, some of the natural kaurenes may function as free radical scavengers against oxidative stress. These compounds are amenable to photooxidation in the presence of photosensitizers under moderate UV light to give allylic alcohol derivatives via the corresponding hydroperoxides 50 and 51 (Banerjee et al., 1973). This reaction may explain at least in part the synthesis in vivo of various hydroxyl kaurenes naturally found in Espeletiinae and other plant groups. 

Petersen DR. Alcohol, iron-associated oxidative stress and cancer. Alcohol 2005 35(3) 243-9. 

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