Oxidative damage cigarette smoking

Kiyosawa, T., Suko, M., Okudaira, H., Murata, K., Miyamoto, T., Chung, M.H., Kasai H. and Nishimura, S. (1990). Cigarette smoke induces formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, one of the oxidative DNA damages in human peripheral leukocytes. Free Rad. Res. Commun. 11, 23-27. 

Mutagenic activity. Smoke of cured leaf, in broth culture was active on Salmonella typliimurium . Environmental cigarette smoke, administered by whole-body to p53 mutant (UL53-3 x A/J)Fj mice of both genders for up to 9.5 months, produced similar oxidative DNA damage in lung and heart of both mutants and wild-type littermate con-... 

NT274 Shalini, V. K., M. Luthra, L. Srinivas, et al. Oxidative damage to the eye lens caused by cigarette smoke and fuel smoke condensates. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1994 31(4) 261-266. 

Leanderson, P. Tagesson, C. (1990) Cigarette smoke-induced DNA-damage role of hydroquinone and catechol in the formation of the oxidative DNA-adduct, 8-hydroxydeoxygua-nosine. Chem.-biol. Interact., 75, 71-81... 

E3. Eiserich, J. P., Vossen, V., O Neill, C. A., Halliwell, B., Cross, C. E., and van der Vliet, A., Molecular mechanisms of damage by excess nitrogen oxides Nitration of tyrosine by gas-phase cigarette smoke. FEBS Lett. 353,53—56 (1994). 

P7. Park, E. M., Park, Y. M., and Gwak, Y. S., Oxidative damage in tissues of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Free Radicals Biol. Med. 25, 79-86 (1998). 

Jackson JH, Schraufstatter lU, Hyslop PA, et al. 1987. Role of oxidants in DNA damage Hydroxyl radical mediates the synergistic DNA damaging effects of asbestos and cigarette smoke. J Clin Invest 80 1090-1095. 

Figure 6 Oxidative stress in COPD. Oxidative stress plays a key role In the pathophysiology of COPD and amplifies the inflammatory and destructive process. ROS from cigarette smoke or from inflammatory cells (particularly macrophages and neutrophils) result in several damaging effects in COPD, which include decreased antiprotease defenses, such as al -antitrypsin (AD and secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI), activation of NF-kB resulting in increased secretion of the cytokines CXCL8 and TNF-as, increased production of isoprostanes, and direct effects on airway function. In addition, recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress induces steroid resistance.

Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the generation of ROS and the activity of the antioxidant defenses in the body (Aruoma, 1998). Severe oxidative stress can cause cell damage and death. Oxidative stress may occur as a consequence of pollution (cigarette smoke, ozone and nitrogen oxides). Free radical formation may also be the side effect of certain drugs or disease treatments (radiation therapy) (Halliwell, 1997). An excess of free radicals may induce changes that ultimately lead to the development of various diseases. 

Asami S, Hirano T, Yamaguchi R, Tomioka Y, Itoh H, Kasai H (1996) Increase of a type of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxyguanine, and its repair activity in human leukocytes by cigarette smoking. Cancer Res 56 2546-9... 

Ozone produced in machines like this is used to treat clothing, carpeting, and other materials that have been damaged by smoke and soot from a fire. Hotels also use ozone machines to remove the odor of cigarette smoke from rooms. The reactive ozone oxidizes large, smelly compounds in the smoke and soot into smaller, odorless compounds. 

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