Oxidation as an oxidizer

The phosphite formed was efficiently oxidized by MPBA (step b). Use of trimethylamine N-oxide as an oxidant was investigated in the hope that this reagent would oxidize the cyclic phosphite and that trimethylamine formed would be employed in the ring opening reaction (step c) to produce the phosphorylcholine in a one-flask procedure. In this case to avoid the residual oxidant in the product less than one equivalent of the oxidant was used and it was necessary to add an additional amount of trimethylamine to form the desired 2-(methacryloxy)ethylphosphorocholine in good yield. 

Carbonyl (5,10,15,20-tetrapentafluorophenylporphyrinato)ruthenium(II) displayed activity with 2,6-dichloropyridine-N-oxide as an oxidant for the oxidation of benzene to 1,4-benzoquinone [11] (Eq. 5). 

Modified high-silica zeolites are used for selective oxidation of mono- and difluorobenzenes into corresponding fluorophenols using nitrous oxide as an oxidant. The nature of the active sites and the reaction mechanism are discussed. 

In this paper, we have investigated the oxidation of fluorobenzenes on the modified HZSM-5 zeolites using nitrous oxide as an oxidizing agent. 

The oxidation of benzene to phenol can also be achieved using nitrous oxide as an oxidant in the presence of a catalytic system such as vanadium, molybdenum or tungsten oxides at 550 °C, and after addition of 30% of water to afford phenol in 10% yield . More effective catalytic systems have been investigated and zeolites show promise to be good catalysts for the oxidation of benzene to phenol with nitrous oxide . The use of zeolite catalysts has led to a reduction in the reaction temperature to 300-400°C, to the exclusion of water addition to the reaction mixture and to an increase in the yields up to 25-30% . Recently, direct oxidation of benzene to phenol by nitrous oxide has been commercialized . 

This direct conversion of benzene to phenol is of great practical importance [58c]. The surface oxygen radical anion, 0 , formed through a reaction of N7O with electrons trapped on the surface of MgO, reacts with methane at 298 K [59], The partial oxidation of ethane to ethanol and acetaldehyde over iron phosphate catalyst (573-773 K) by using nitrous oxide as an oxidant has been reported [60],... 

Batteries are also classified according to their chemistry (their system), that is, the chemical nature of reactants. The above-mentioned battery with silver oxide as an oxidant at the positive electrode and metallic zinc as negative electrode is called silver-zinc battery. ... 

Held, A., Kowalska, J. and Nowinska, K. (2006). Nitrous oxide as an oxidant for ethane oxyde-hydrogenation, Appl. Catal. B Environ., 64, pp. 201-208. 

Product removal during reaction. Sometimes the equilibrium conversion can be increased by removing the product (or one of the products) continuously from the reactor as the reaction progresses, e.g., by allowing it to vaporize from a liquid-phase reactor. Another way is to carry out the reaction in stages with intermediate separation of the products. As an example of intermediate separation, consider the production of sulfuric acid as illustrated in Fig. 2.4. Sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide ... 

Lead(IV) oxide, PbOj. Chocolate brown (electrolytic oxidation of Pb(II) salts). Used as an oxidizing agent. 

CH3CH2OHCH3. B.p. 82 C. Manufactured by hydrolysis of propene. Used in the production of acetone (propanone) by oxidation, for the preparation of esters (e.g. the ethanoate used as a solvent), amines (diisopropylamines, etc.), glycerol, hydrogen peroxide. The alcohol is used as an important solvent for many resins, aerosols, anti-freezes. U.S. production 1978 775 000 tonnes. 

Desulfurization will become mandatory when oxidizing catalysts are installed on the exhaust systems of diesel engines. At high temperatures this catalyst accelerates the oxidation of SO2 to SO3 and causes an increase in the weight of particulate emissions if the diesel fuel has not been desulfurized. As an illustrative example, Figure 5.22 shows that starting from a catalyst temperature of 400°C, the quantity of particulates increases very rapidly with the sulfur content. 

Bromide ion acts as an inliibitor through step (9) which competes for HBr02 with the rate detennining step for the autocatalytic process described previously, step (4) and step (5). Step (8) and Step (9) constitute a pseudo-first-order removal of Br with HBr02 maintained in a low steady-state concentration. Only once [Br ] < [Br ] = /fo[Br07]//r2 does step (3) become effective, initiating the autocatalytic growth and oxidation. 

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