As an oxidation-reduction reaction

In other words, the copper(II) ions are reduced. Because oxidation and reduction both occur in the reaction, it is known as an oxidation-reduction reaction or redox reaction. 

From the viewpoint of inorganic chemistry, the reaction of potassium nitrate with sulfur and charcoal can be described as an oxidation-reduction reaction in which electron transfer between reacting species involves a loss or gain of electrons resulting in an oxidation or reduction process respectively. 

This is an electron transfer process, so the reaction can be classified as an oxidation-reduction reaction. 

H2 + 02 2H2O + energy Note that we can recognize this reaction as an oxidation-reduction reaction because O2 is a reactant. 

This reaction produces the flame of the common laboratory burner and is also used to heat most homes in the United States. Recall that we originally classified this reaction as an oxidation-reduction reaction. Thus we can say that the reaction of methane with oxygen is both an oxidation-reduction reaction and a combustion reaction. Combustion reactions, in fact, are a special class of oxidation-reduction reactions (see Figure 8.7). 

Because O2 is involved in the first reaction, we recognize it as an oxidation-reduction reaction. In the second reaction, HgO, which contains Hg " andO ions, is decomposed to the elements, which contain uncharged atoms. In this process each Hg gains two electrons and each 0 loses two electrons, so this is both a decomposition reaction and an oxidation-reduction reaction. 

I Aluminum reacts with oxygen in the air as an oxidation-reduction reaction. Which of the following best describes what happens ... 

Notice that each of these reactions involves oxygen, so each can be classified as an oxidation-reduction reaction. The first two reactions are also commonly called combustion reactions because they produce flames. The reaction of hydrogen with oxygen to produce water, then, can be classified three ways as an oxidation-reduction reaction, as a combustion reaction, and as a synthesis reaction. 

The reaction between ammonium perchlorate and aluminum is discussed in the Chemistry in Focus segment Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Launch the Space Shuttle. The reaction is labeled as an oxidation-reduction reaction. Explain why this is an oxidation-reduction reaction and defend your answer. 

An electron transfer (ET) reaction is defined here as an oxidation-reduction reaction that occurs between two coordination compounds. The compounds may be the same species, but where the metals have different oxidation states (a selfexchan reaction), or are completely different species (a cross-reaction). An example of a self-exchange reaction is given in Equation (17.41), where Co is an isotopically labeled cobalt a cross-reaction is given by Equation (17.42). 

Often several oxidation states of the same ion can coexist in solution, such as Cu and Cu, Fe " and Fe ", or Cr ", Cr " and CrO ". A disproportionation reaction is defined as an oxidation-reduction reaction between two identical ions, producing simultaneously species with higher and lower valences. 

Although it is possible (this Chapter, Section C) to consider elimination of the elements of hydrogen halide (H-X X = F, Cl, Br, I) as an oxidation-reduction reaction or (this chapter. Section E, V [a]) as part of a substitution process by which halogen is replaced in aryl halides (Scheme 7.13), the concern of this section is to attempt... 

Benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate are formed in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This change has often been referred to as an oxidation-reduction reaction, but experimental evidence has shown that oxidizing agents have no catalytic effect. This result would support the conclusion that the reaction is of the generalized acid-base type. 

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