Ovulation inhibitors

Long-acting progestins act primarily as ovulation inhibitors. An important secondary component is their effect on the cervical mucus and endometrium, achieved at circulating blood dmg levels below those required for ovulation inhibition (40). 

Heinemann G. [Plasma iron, serum copper, and serum zinc during therapy with ovulation inhibitors.JMed Klin 1974 69(20) 892-6. 

Calanchini C. Die Auslosung eines Zwangssyndroms 177. durch Ovulationshemmer. [Development of a compulsive syndrome by ovulation inhibitors.] Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr 1986 137(4) 25-31. 

Wendler J, Siegert C, Schelhorn P, Klinger G, Gurr S, Kaufmann J, Aydinlik S, Braunschweig T. The influence of Microgynon and Diane-35, two sub-fifty ovulation inhibitors, on voice function in women. Contraception 1995 52(6) 343-8. 

Ovulation inhibitors see estrogens and progestogens. hP W -Oxalyl-2,3-dlamlnopropanoic acid. 

Use Progesterone is used therapeutically to prevent premature births and for menstrual disorders. Synthetic P. in combination with estrogens are used as ovulation inhibitors (oral contraceptives) to prevent pregnancy and for climactic disorders. Examples of synthetic P. (all l9-norsteroids) are norethisterone (norethin-... 

The most fundamental societal change remained however reserved to the discovery of the pill . In times of economic awakening, student upheaval, women s emancipation movement, hippie culture, liberalisation in the Roman Catholic Church (in the wake of the 2nd Vatican Council, 1962-1965) and sexual laxity, the first hormonal oral contraceptives came on the market. In 1964, 2% of the women of child-bearing age took ovulation inhibitors by 1968, this number had already increased to 12 %, and by 1986, to more than 35 %. Nowadays, the pill is ranked as one ofthe safest contraceptives. Not only the active ingredients were improved, but also their dosages and dosing schedules. Through the experience over the last 30 years with many millions of women on the pill , the associated risks and side-effects are now well-known. 

E. are used therapeutically for the treatment of menstrual disorders and menopausal problems, and as Ovulation inhibitors (see). S e synthetic steroids (see Ethinylestradiol Mestranol) and nonsteroids (see StilbestTol Hexestrol) show E. activity. [Estrogen receptors (see also Hormones) J.H. Clark E.J.Peck Monogr. Endocrinol 14 (1979) 4-36 J.Ntrr-ris et al. / BioL Chem. 270 (1995) 22777-22782]... 

Mestranol 17a-ethinyl-3-methoxyestra-l,3,5(10)-trien-17(3-ol, a synthetic estrogen. M. has high biological activity when administered orally, and it is used as a component of Ovulation inhibitors (see). M. differs from Ethinylestradiol (see) by the presence of a 3-methoxy group. 

Ovosiston an oral contraceptive (see Ovulation inhibitors), consisting of a mixture of the progestin, Chlormadinone acetate (see), and the estrogen, Mes-tranol (see). 

Steroids a large class of of terpenoids (see Ter-penes) including many biologically important compounds, e.g. Sterols (see). Steroid hormones (see). Bile acids (see). Cardiac ycosides (see), Steroid alkaloids (see) and steroid saponins (see Saponins). Synthetic S, e.g. Ovulation inhibitors (see). Anabolic steroids (see) and structurally modified steroid hormones, are pharmacologically important. More than 20,000 S are known, of which about 2 % have some medical significance. 

If progestational potency as judged by this assay is an index of fertility-controlling potency, we would seem to have a formidable array of orally active compounds. The especially high potency of two of them (JX and XII) would seem to assure us of especially effective substances. Furthermore, in the rabbit the oral effectiveness of these compounds as ovulation inhibitors roughly parallels the progestational efficiency (Pincus and Merrill, 1959). 

The experiments were conducted with 15 persons. The subjects were healthy and did not take any medication except ovulation inhibitors. There were no musculoskeletal complaints or vision problems that might interfere with reaction time measuring. 15 subjects performed all the tasks vMN with M=N and 3 subjects performed all tasks vMN (v=visual task, M=number of stimuli, N=number of responses). 

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