Ovarian granulosa cells

Long GG, Cohen IR, Gries CL, Young JK, Francis PC, Capen CC (2001) Proliferative lesions of ovarian granulosa cells and reversible hormonal changes induced in rats by a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Toxicol Pathol 29 719-726... 

Stimulation of ovarian granulosa cells with follicle-stimulating hormone results in the phosphorylation of H3 at Ser-10 [74]. However, neither the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signal transduction nor the p38 stress kinase pathways are involved in this response. 

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) induces the Ser-10 phosphorylation of H3 in ovarian granulosa cells by activation of protein kinase A. Based on the response to various protein kinase inhibitors, FSH-stimulated phosphorylation did not involve Rsk2 or MSKl [74]. 

During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, one or more follicles are prepared for ovulation. FSH and estrogens are the most important hormones for this developmental process. Complete follicular maturation cannot occur in the absence of LH. Rupture of a mature follicle follows the midcycle peak of LH and FSH by about 24 hours. In humans, usually one mature ovum is released per cycle. During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and under the influence of LH, the ovarian granulosa cells of the corpus luteum become vacuolated and accumulate a yellow pigment called lutein. 

The ERa and ERp are genetically distinct. Both are differentially expressed in many tissues prompting the suggestion that they regulate different sets of genes. The ERa occurs in uterus, prostate stroma, ovarian thecal cells, and bone, while ERp is found in breast stroma, sympathetic ganglia, colon, prostate epithelium, ovarian granulosa cells, dorsal raphe, and bone marrow, whereas both isoforms are present in breast epithelium... 

Hazum E, Nimrod A (1982) Photoaffinity-labeling and fluorescence-distribution studies of gonadotropinreleasing hormone receptors in ovarian granulosa cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 1747-1750... 

Billig, H., I. Furuta and A.J.W. Hsueh. Estrogens inhibit and androgens enhance ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. Endocrinology 133 2204-2212, 1993. 

Hattori, M.-A., Sakamoto, K., Fujihara, N., and Kojima, I. (1996) Nitric oxide A modulator for the epidermal growth factor receptor expression in developing ovarian granulosa cells. Am. J, Physiol. 270 C8I2-C818. 

Wu, Y., Ghosh, S., Nishi, Y., Yanase, T., Nawata, H. and Hu, Y. (2005) The Orphan Nuclear Receptors NURR1 and NGFI-B modulate aromatase gene expression in ovarian granulosa cells a possible mechanism for repression of aromatase... 

Ohishi Y, Kaku T, Oya M, et al. CD56 expression in ovarian granulosa cell tumors, and its diagnostic utility and pitfalls. Gynecol Oncol. 2007 107 30-38. 

Salvador, L.M., Park, Y., Cottom, J., Maizels, E.T., Jones, J.C., Schillace, R.V., Carr, D.W., Cheung, P., Allis, C.D., Jameson, J.L., Hunzicker-Dunn, M. 2001. Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates protein kinase A-mediated histone H3 phosphorylation and acetylation leading to select gene activation in ovarian granulosa cells. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 40146-40155. 

G18. Gottschall, P. E., Katsuura, G., and Arimura, A. Interleukin-1 beta is more potent than interleukin-1 alpha in suppressing follicle-stimulating hormone-induced differentiation of ovarian granulosa cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Common. 163, 764-770 (1989). 

The ovarian granulosa cell, in response to stimulation by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland and through the catalytic activity of P450 aromatase, converts testosterone to estradiol, the predominant and most potent of the ovarian estrogens (see Fig. 34.23). Similarly, androstenedione is converted to estrone in the ovary, although the major site of estrone production from androstenedione occurs in extraovarian tissues, principally skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. 

Cortical thymic lymphocytes, ovarian granulosa cells, pancreatic islets, Sertoli cells, endothelial cells, T-cells and activated B-cells, ependymal cells... 

Fig. 2. Effect of oxytocin (0,1,10 or 100. 1.000 or 10.000 ng/mL medium) on prostaglandin (PG)F release by cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Values are means SEM. Sig-nificant differences (P< 0.05) between cells cultured with and without exogenous oxytocin. Methods of isolation and culture of ovarian granulosa cells, as well as the PGF radioimmunoassay are described in (10).

Sirotkin, A.V., Makarevich, A.V., M.R. Corkins, Kotwica, J., Kwon, H.B., Bulla, J., and Hetenyi, L. (2001) Secretory Activity of Bovine Ovarian Granulosa Cells Transfected with Sense and Antisense Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Binding Protein-3 and the Response to IGF-I, GH, LH, Oxytocin and Estradiol, J. Mol. Endocrinol. 27, 329-338. 

Sirotkin, A.V., and Makarevich, A.V. (2002) Growth Hormone Can Regulate Functions of Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells Through the cAMP/Protein Kinase A System, Anim. Reprod. Sci. 70,111-126. 

D.R.R. Hiscock, M. Yanagishita and V.C. Hascall, J. Biol Chem., 1994, 269, 4539-4546, Nuclear localization of glycosaminoglycans in rat ovarian granulosa cells. 

GM3 binding protein mediating ovarian granulosa cell interaction [45]... 

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