Outside-in processes

As the supply chain matures, supply chain leaders partner with the commercial teams to design outside-in processes that can better sense and shape demand. They use these insights to drive a more profitable response. In our interviews for this book, 5 percent of companies were at this stage of maturity, which is often termed demand driven. 

One of the little-known facts about the success of Apple and Dell is the conscious design of their supply chains to use daily channel data daily. When they launched their new business models, they designed the processes to use daily demand data to build outside-in processes. 

The transformation in the last decade Is also a testimonial to successful collaboration. When Alan George A.G. Lafley—former chairman of the board, president, and chief executive officer of Procter Gamble took the helm—he turned around the company with a focus on the consumer is boss. He transformed the supply chain to focus on two moments of truth. The first moment of truth was at the shelf Did the product make the right impression The second was in the home When the consumer uses the product, will they be delighted (This is an early example of moving from inside-out to outside-in processes.) Using this strategy, sales doubled, profits quadrupled, and P G s market value Increased by more than 100 billion. 

Sense. Reduce demand latency through the use of channel data. Use this redefinition to build outside-in processes to sense and shape demand. 

As supply chains focus on the design of outside-in processes, and sensing demand and customer sentiment, processes will evolve to listen to the customer holistically and cross-functionally to better serve the channel. Today, this is aspirational but within two years, it will become a reality for early adopters. The fastest adoption will happen in high-tech and electronics, media and entertainment, and consumer durables. 

Quench. Attempts have been made to model this nonisotherma1 process (32—35), but the complexity of the actual system makes quench design an art. Arrangements include straight-through, and outside-in and inside-out radial patterns (36). The optimum configuration depends on spinneret size, hole pattern, filament size, quench-chamber dimensions, take-up rate, and desired physical properties. Process continuity and final fiber properties are governed by the temperature profile and extension rate. 

A, = area of inside of. surface for heat transfer, such as coil, flat surface, or other barrier, sq ft/ft h = inside heat transfer fluid side coefficient, in coil, flat plate, or otlier barrier, Btu/hr/sq fl/°F ro = fouling resistance (factor) associated wTth fluid on outside (tank process side) of heat transfer... 

A number of important gas-liquid-particle processes fall outside the categories of Sections II,A and II,B. The review of gas-liquid-particle operations in the following sections is written with particular regard to applications in processes of the types already referred to, but may also be of some significance with regard to other types. A few examples of such processes will be briefly mentioned below. 

There has been some evidence of a higher antioxidant effect when both flavonoids and a-tocopherol are present in systems like LDL, low-density lipoproteins (Jia et al., 1998 Zhu et al, 1999). LDL will incorporate a-tocopherol, while flavonoids will be present on the outside in the aqueous surroundings. A similar distribution is to be expected for oil-in-water emulsion type foods. In the aqueous environment, the rate of the inhibition reaction for the flavonoid is low due to hydrogen bonding and the flavonoid will not behave as a chain-breaking antioxidant. Likewise, in beer, none of the polyphenols present in barley showed any protective effect on radical processes involved in beer staling, which is an oxidative process (Andersen et al, 2000). The polyphenols have, however, been found to act synergistically... 

Frequently, processes cannot be constructed outside. In this case local and dilution ventilation systems are required. These ventilation systems were discussed in detail in chapter 3, section 3-4. 

The main failure of equipment is a loss of process containment. The consequences depend on the properties and the amount of the leaking material and the conditions both inside and outside of process equipment. Pumps and compressors (Marshall, 1987) are perhaps the most vulnerable items of pressurised systems, because they contain moving parts and they are also subject to erosion and cavitation. Pumps and compressors produce also vibration, which may lead to fatigue failure. Both seals and bearings of pumps and compressors are liable to failure. In addition agitator systems present difficulties due to mechanical stresses, though they operate at much lower speeds than pumps. 

The outside-in approach brings people without specific knowledge of a process into reviews. 

Finally, the highly-empirical and practical nature of chemometrics leads many outside the field to conclude that chemometrics practitioners do not understand the modeling tools they use, or the models that they develop- thus potentially leading to disastrous results. Although this perception might be accurate for many users, it need not be true for all users. This leads to the mission of this chapter to enable users to better understand, and thus more effectively implement, chemometrics in process analytical applications. 

Manholes outside of process area battery limits should be vented at least 12 ft (3.7 m) above grade 2 in (5 cm) diameter vent pipes are normally adequate. The vent pipes should be located well away from roads and ignition sources and pointed straight up to disperse vapor. 

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