Outlying control buildings

The latest designs for onshore installations cater for a centralized control room, well distanced from the operating facility with sub control areas as part of a distributed control system (DCS). The sub-control areas are closer to the processes but contain fewer personnel and process control systems for the overall plant, so the overall risk level for the facility from a major incident is lowered. The outlying control buildings (sometimes referred to as PIBs or SIHs) still need to be sited against impacts from explosions and fires. 

Building management systems. These can monitor and control most of the building services by means of sensors in the various building service plants for collecting data and carrying out control functions. 

Based on the results of the qualitative assessment, the decision was made to construct a new control building of blast-resistant design with more separation distance from both the cycle gas compression and feed purification areas. Construction of a new control building was deemed the most appropriate option since the control building spacing and design were considerably out of... 

Reactor auxiliary building is located very near to the RB to avoid long piping lengths. A separate control building has been provided as a common facility. However, the control room and control equipment rooms in this building are so laid out as to cater... 

The building block approach is one of the procedures for rational construction of higher-order structures of inorganic materials at the nanometer level. In this procedure, compounds with well-defined structures such as clusters are usually used as starting materials and cross-linking reactions of such compounds are carried out to build up frameworks of the materials. Production of materials with structures as desired will be possible on the condition that the arrangement and cross-linking of the compounds will have been controllable. 

Cement raw materials, clinker, cement and some auxiliary materials used in the manufacturing process are incombustible. All the same, outbreaks of fire in a cement works can by no means be ruled out. Office buildings, housing accommodation, laboratories and the lubricants store are subject to the normal fire hazards, while potentially disastrous major fires can occur in fuel stores and their ancillary installations. Besides, fires may start in electrical switchgear, cables, transformers, process control systems and measuring equipment. 

The sudden injection of cold water onto the hot core materials caused additional releases of volatile radionuclides due to thermal shock. These radionuclides could then flow out letdown line to the auxiliary building or through the open PORV block valve into reactor building. The radiation level in the reactor building dome increased to 8 R/hr. The vent stack alarm also went off at about this time. Many other radiation monitors registered alarms. The control building, except for the control room itself, was evacuated. 

With impressed current installations supervised by technical telecommunications, it is sufficient to carry out operational control annually [17]. With gas pipeline grids, it is advisable to build in inspection instruments in the control installations or connecting stations since connection with the telecommunication system is possible. 

The separation plant had been running smoothly for several weeks and the planned shutdown was some time away. On the day of the incident a number of unusual events occurred which contributed to its development. Shortly after the start of his day shift, the control room operator received a high vibration alarm from booster pump A in the crude fluid separation building. Following normal procedure, he switched over to the standby pump (pump B), switched off pump A, and told his supervisor of the alarm. The supervisor subsequently organized a work permit for work to be carried out on pump A by the day shift maintenance team. The permit was issued and repair work... 

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