Outlook for the Future

Although the basic methodology for calculating structures of oligopeptides is now in place, there is still room for improvement of potential functions, not only in the parameters used but also in the forms of the functions themselves. In the near future, we can expect to see the introduction of anhar-monicity in bond angle bending, a treatment involving many-body interactions (rather than pairwise interactions), polarization (and possibly distributed multipoles) to treat electrostatics, and improved treatment of hydration. In addition, we will undoubtedly see considerably more use of parallelism in computer hardware and software. 

Finally, with all the current activity on the multiple-minima problem, which is essentially solved for oligopeptides and regular-repeating structures of fibrous proteins, we may hope to see further progress in treating larger molecules, that is, globular proteins, by more efficient searches of conformational space. 

I am indebted to George Nemethy for helpful comments on this chapter. The work described here, which was carried out in the author s laboratory, was supported by research grants from the National Institutes of Health (GM-14312) and the National Science Foundation (DMB84-01811 and DMB90-15815). 

Scheraga, Chem. Rev., 71, 195 (1971). Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Conformations of Polypeptides. 

Anfinsen and H. A. Scheraga, Adv. Protein Chem., 29,205 (1975). Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of Protein Folding. 

(2007) Numerical simulation of intercalation-induced stress in Li-Ion battery electrode particles. J. Electrochem. Soc., 154, A910-A916. 

Sastry, A.M., and Shyy, W. (2008) Intercalation-induced stress and heat generation within single lithium-ion battery cathode particles, j. Electrochem. Soc., 155 (7), A542-A552. 

(2006) Compression of packed particulate systems simulations and experiments in graphitic li-ion anodes. 

and Zaghib, K. (2005) Extraction of layerwise conductivities in carbon-enhanced, multilayered IiFeP04 cathodes. J. Electrochem. Soc., 152 (5), AlOOl-AlOlO. 

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This paper provides a detailed overview of the current plastics waste management situation in Japan. It discusses material, chemical, and thermal recycling, and incineration versus landfill. It also provides a flow sheet showing recycling and the treatment/disposal of plastics waste in Japan in 1991. Conclusions are drawn, and the outlook for the future is considered. 5 refs. 

Identification of historic herbal texts. There are thousands of herbal texts in the world. Many of them are rare and unknown to our modern repositories. Identifying the location of these texts and the language in which the texts are written would allow a clearer outlook for the future of this field. 

The third group of contributions consists of the two final chapters that focus specifically on the present situation and the outlook for the future of pharmaceutical expenditure within the Spanish health system. 

We will in the presentation below review some of our recent work in this area. Those results which have already been published elsewhere will only be briefly summarized, while previously unpublished material will be presented in greater detail. In particular, the material in Section 2, and parts of 3.2, and 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 is essentially new. Some outlooks for the future, connected especially with the application of ultrafast laser techniques, are given in section 5. 

Gressel, J. and L.A. Segel (1982). Interrelating factors controlling the rate of appearance of resistance The outlook for the future. In H.M. LeBaron and J. Gressel, eds., Herbicide Resistance in Plants. NY, NY John Wiley Sons, pp. 325-347. 

Stalkup, F.I. "Carbon Dioxide Miscible Flooding Past, Present, and Outlook for the Future," J. Pet. Tech. (Aug. 1978), 1102-1112. 

Abstract This chapter provides a summary of status of combinatorial development of materials for chemical and biological sensors and an outlook for the future developments. 

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