Outcomes and Prognosis

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Travis WD, Borok Z, Roum JH, et al. Pulmonary Langerhans cell granulomatosis (histiocytosis X). A chnicopathologic study of 48 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1993 17(10) 971-986. 

Vassallo R, Ryu JH, Schroeder DR, et al. Clinical outcomes of pulmonary Langerhans -cell histiocytosis in adults. N Engl J Med 2002 346(7) 484-490. 

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Theander, S. (1985) Outcome and prognosis in anorexia nervosa and bulimia results of previous investigations compared with those of a Swedish long-term study. / Psychiatr Res 19 493-508. 

Tumor cells exposed to O2 depletion can either respond with restrained proliferation and cell death left) or with changes in the proteome and/ or genome right)y favoring tumor progression and acquired treatment resistance, both of which result in poor clinical outcome and prognosis... 

Brain metastases are among the most feared complications of cancer and generally carry a poor prognosis. One serious consequence of brain metastases is elevated intracranial pressure, which can rapidly lead to fatal intracranial herniation and death. Rapid identification of the signs and symptoms of brain metastases is critical to improve long-term outcome and avoid mortality. 

Generally, larger cancers have a worse prognosis than smaller cancers. However, at least for some malignancies, size is a relatively weak indicator of outcome and is probably an indicator more of the chronological age of the tumor than of aggressiveness. Furthermore, size can be difficult to determine accurately when tumors have poorly defined infiltrating borders. 

One breakdown in terms of goals and objectives that has been brought out is that one uses test result information for diagnostic purposes to determine the problem, another for developing a prognosis of the eventual outcome, and a third for management of a course of therapy. For example, if you are... 

Olsen TS (1991) Outcome following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Acta Neurol Scand 83 254-258 Parvizi J, Damasio AR (2003) Neuroanatomical correlates of brainstem coma. Brain 126 1524-1536 Pedersen PM, Vinter K, Olsen TS (2004) Aphasia after stroke type, severity and prognosis. The Copenhagen aphasia study. Cerebrovasc Dis 17 35-43 Plum F (1972) Hyperpnea, hyperventilation, and brain dysfunction. Ann Intern Med 76 328 Plum F, Alvord EC (1964) Apneustic breathing in man. Arch Neurol 10 101-112... 

Significant improvements in the technologies of high-resolution two-dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) have marked the start of proteome analysis. Proteomics permits the analysis of thousand of proteins simultaneously, and have the potential to identify markers for early detection, classification and prognosis of diseases, as well as pinpointing targets for improved treatment outcomes [42]. 

Chnical studies have utilized quantitative human performance, that is, strength and endurance measures, to predict the first incidence or recurrence of LBP and disabihty outcome and also as a prognosis... 

WUcken B. Fatty acid oxidation disorders outcome and long-term prognosis. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010 33(5) 501-6. 

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