Outbys

The CH radical is the simplest hydrocarbon and its rotational or X-doublet spectrum has been sought by many. The first detection of rotational transitions was a triumph for far-infi ared laser magnetic resonance the experiments carried outby Evenson, Radford and Moran [173] were described in detail in chapter 9. The ri-doublet transition in the lowest rotational level was first observed through radioastronomy by Rydbeck, Ellder, Irvine, Sume and Hjalmarson [ 174]. It was almost a further ten years before laboratory observations of the field-free spectrum were reported. 

Outby outbye Nearer to the shaft and hence farther from the working face. Toward the mine entrance. The opposite of inby. 

Working place From the outby side of the last open crosscut to the face. 

However, as pointed outby Lacoste and coworkers [14,15], the reactions expressed above and as Equations 6.1-6.9 do not explain polyethylene backbone scission or the formation of more complex decomposition products such as esters, lactones, carboxylic acids and xmsaturation [16-18]. 

Historically, continuous miner operators were positioned on the back corner of the mining machine. In this situation, dust exposure could be reasonably controlled with exhaust ventilation. However, if the dust cloud rolls back toward the operator, remote control can be used to lower the operator dust exposme. Operator positioning when using remote control can have a significant impact on dust exposme. For exhaust ventilation, an operator using remote control should be positioned on the off-cmtain side of the entry and stand as far outby as practical (Cofinet and Jankowski 1997). 

Between 1996 and 1998, rib failures resulted in 6 fatalities in underground coal mines. Only one of these fatal injuries was to a face worker, the other five were all mechanics and electricians performing their duties well outby the face. Nearly 80% of the 128 rib injuries that occurred in 1997 took place beneath permanently supported roof. Nonfatal rib injuries resulted in an average of 43 lost workdays each, versus 25 days for the average roof skin injury. 

Recently, a fatal accident occuired when two foremen were making examinations in a bleeder system. As the two were traveling over fallen rock and into the roof fall cavity area, which had been supported after the fall, they encountered a methane-rich oxygen- deficient atmosphere. Both foremen immediately lost consciousness and collapsed. One foreman apparently fell to an area with a higher oxygen level near the mine floor where the ventilation air stream existed. He regained consciousness and traveled outby to seek help. The other died due to lack of oxygen. 

Miners have developed a rich vocabulary to describe their locations within the geographic and institutional architecture of a hazardous environment. Miners describe their positions inby and outby fixed reference points in geographic space. Miners inby a mine fire must visualize alternative escape routes and must communicate their position to others outby the fire. 

The map in Fig. 41 shows the areas inby and outby the fire at the Wilberg mine. As this map shows, 13 miners were trapped inby the fire because the working face of the mine is the furthest extension away from the exit.- ... 

Blake, the sole survivor of the Wilberg fire, was inby the fire when the fire started. His handwritten report describes the sequence of decisions that saved his life as he moved from a position inby the fire to a safe position outby the disaster. 

In the final Report of Investigation (Huntley et al., 1992), MSHA transforms Blake s embodied experience into statements of material fact that serve as evidence for MSHA s conclusions. Blake s escape is described from a third-person viewpoint outby the disaster ... 

Blake viewed events as he experienced them during his escape. Twenty-seven victims died inby the fire and thus could not testify to the events and conditions that caused their deaths. Thirteen other miners viewed events and conditions from the surface or from a location outby the fire. Their accounts would help investigators pinpoint the origin of the fire—and thus the potential source of ignition (in an overheated compressor)—but these miners could not provide the first-hand information necessary to determine positively the source of ignition. 

Since all but one of the observers died in the fire, Nagy catalogues events as miners outby the fire perceived them. Nagy organizes these events in a table (Table 4.1). 

Nagy s report thus represents the accumulated experience of all 13 miners who testified in the official investigation. Based upon this accumulated experience, Nagy places the initial location inby Crosscut 34 and outby Crosscut 37." ... 

Report of coal mine fire, Pursglove No. 15 Mine, Monogalia County, West Virginia, October 22,1965 While water from a 2-inch line was being sprayed on the fire at the porta-feeder and adjacent (outby) track haulage where the fire was spreading, (p. 35)... 

When miners work underground, they lose their ordinary sense of space and time. They must understand their position in relation to the coal face and in relationship to the three-dimensional patterns of rooms, haulageways, cross-cuts, and exit ways beneath the surface of the mine. They must orient themselves inby (inside oO and outby (outside oO the coal face so that they can describe their positions to others and know the means of escape in an emergency.- ... 

Tests by researchers on the physiological effects of blast pressure have shown that a peak overpressure of about one psi will knock a person down, five psi is the minimum pressure that will cause damage to the eardrums, and 15 psi results in lung damage. The dynamic pressure of 12 psi in the entries and a static pressure of six psi in the crosscuts outby and including the No. 4 crosscut would correlate with the condition of Fleming after the explosion. ... 

Figure 4.1. This map shows the areas inby and outby the fire at the Wilberg mine.

A two-loco system whereby one loco harrls the inby journey with a secorrd loco following. On completion of the inby journey the leading loco is decoupled arrd the following loco coupled to harrl outby. While this obviates the need for an irrby passby (and therefore allows the track to extend beyorrd... 

The final risk assessment exercise imderlaken was to consider how each system would work when dealing with the need to get an injured man on a stretcher out of the area. This was investigated by estimating the time required to complete the journey using each method (with the locos starting at the outby end of the system). The results were as follows ... 

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