Other Oxygen Compounds

Styrene undergoes many reactions of an unsaturated compound, such as addition, and of an aromatic compound, such as substitution (2,8). It reacts with various oxidising agents to form styrene oxide, ben2aldehyde, benzoic acid, and other oxygenated compounds. It reacts with benzene on an acidic catalyst to form diphenylethane. Further dehydrogenation of styrene to phenylacetylene is unfavorable even at the high temperature of 600°C, but a concentration of about 50 ppm of phenylacetylene is usually seen in the commercial styrene product. 

Thus, radicals are the most reactive and destructive of protein structure, followed by peroxy derivatives, singlet oxygen, and other oxygen compounds. The oxidative reactivity of some of these oxygen species is so high that just contact of the pure compound with paper or cotton fabrics can cause combustion (e.g., superoxide). 

Not only water and alcohols, but also other oxygen compounds, are able to react covalently with acylium ions. In the case of hydroxy compounds the product is stabilized by loss of the proton from the hydroxyl group, but certain ethers give an analogous reaction in which the product is stabilized by loss of a carbonium ion.288 Using acetyl chloride with silver perchlorate in nitromethane as the source of acetyl... 

Thus, when G is ethanol, the ternary complex is two-hundred times more effective than the binary complex and, moreover, the second ternary complex, A1C13,2G is also a much more efficient chain-breaker. It seems very likely that for other oxygen compounds the situation is similar, since probably, not the complexes themselves, but anions derived from them are the true chain-breakers. 

There are general formulas for other oxygen compounds. For example, alcohols can be generalized as R-OH, aldehydes as R-CHO, and carboxyhc acids as R-COOH. 

Isopropyl alcohol production in 1950 exceeded 800,000,000 pounds, all made from petroleum. This alcohol is used mainly as a raw material for the production of acetone and also as a solvent. Acetone is made by the catalytic high temperature dehydrogenation or air oxidation of isopropyl alcohol. A much smaller part of the total acetone supply comes from fermentation and from hydrocarbon oxidation. Like isopropyl alcohol, part of the consumption is for solvent uses, but most serves as a raw material for other oxygenated compounds. 

Vapor-phase oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde is a classical subject in the field of partial oxidation. Indeed, it has already been studied with various V- and Mo-based oxide catalysts [1-18]. However, the one-pass yield of benzaldehyde was still lower than that of other oxygenated compounds obtained in oxidation of olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons. For example, the maximum yield of benzaldehyde obtained with Bi-Mo oxides was around 10 mol% [7,11,12],... 

Other oxygenated compounds also participate in electron exchange. Lewis and co-workers have shown, for example, that charge transfer irradiation of metal complexes of tetrahydro-furan initiates polymerization through an intervening cation radical (139). Phenols can act as excited state donors either directly (140) or via electron transfer sensitization (141). 

Oxidation of Alcohol and Other Oxygenated Compounds 729 Table 18.11 Oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by TS-1... 

If we assume that the response of GC MS detector is the same for dibenzofuran and other oxygenated compounds, the content of the latter mentioned in the gas from LU-gasifier can be as high as the 2%wt. of the total. 

Organic acid and other oxygenated compound separation by resins using a simulated moving bed... 

Since it was first reported in 1976 that protonated ZSM-5 zeolites are excellent catalysts for conversion of methanol (and many other oxygenated compounds ) into hydrocarbons in the C - C q range the catalyst and the reactions have been intensely studied. Several aspects of the reactions leading to hydrocarbon formation from methanol or dimethyl ether over H-ZSM-5 or other protonated zeolites still remain unclear. In particular the first OC bond formation has been debated, and several mechanisms proposed (ref. 1). 

The primary oxidation products are hydroperoxides, alcohols, ketones, and other oxygenated compounds containing the same cartx>n skeleton as the starting hydrocarbon. These can be described as products of C—H bond attack or H-atom abstraction. These compounds are oxidized more readily than the parent hydrocarbon, and secondary oxidation often occurs. Nevertheless, by a proper choice of catalysts and conditions many commercially important primary oxidation products are formed in good yields. 

Patart published (1921-1926) some papers on synthesis of methanol and mixtures of other oxygenated compounds and hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen at high pressures. The conditions are similar to the synthesis of synthol (Fischer-Tropsch) and of methanol (Badische Anilin and Sodafabrik, 33). 

Catalytic data were also compared at the same conversion, namely 5%, as shown in Figure 4. It can be seen that, with the introduction of to substitute Mo in the Keggin anion, selectivity to propene dropped, while those in acetic acid and COx increased. Exception to this trend was the Wo sample, which gave relatively high selectivities to propene and acetic acid, i.e relatively low selectivity in COx and other oxygenated compounds. 

The acids tend to be aldehydic or hydroxylated in character undesirable esters and other oxygenated compounds are formed gums tend to be deposited polymerization and condensation reactions that occur during the... 

Carbon-Oxygen Linkages. Such linkages in alcohols, ethers, heterocyclic compounds, and in many other oxygenated compounds may be cleaved by hydrogen in the presence of catalysts to give a variety of products, as indicated by the following discussion. 

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