Carbon-oxygen linkage

Esterification. Esters are formed by the reaction of ethanol with inorganic and organic acids, acid anhydrides, and acid halides. If the inorganic acid is oxygenated, eg, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, the ester has a carbon—oxygen linkage that is easily hydrolyzed (24—26). 

The isolation of aryleth nol derivatives under alkaline conditions of hydrogenation must be considered as evidence for the original presence of a carbon-oxygen linkage at the 0-carbon of the side chain, and this linkage may have been most likely also in the form of an ether group. 

Three types of carbon-oxygen linkages may occur in a polyuronide ester, ether and glycoside. The ester-linked methyl group of pectins is split by cold dilute alkali. It may also be removed by certain enzymes. Methyl groups which often occur ether-linked to the uronic acid especially in plant gums and hemicelluloses, resist hydrolysis by mineral acid solutions of 2 to 4% concentrations, even in the autoclave. Such groups survive hydrolytic conditions that are usually chosen. 

Replacement of the C4 Carbon-Oxygen Linkage with Amino Functionality... 

Carbon-Oxygen Linkages. Such linkages in alcohols, ethers, heterocyclic compounds, and in many other oxygenated compounds may be cleaved by hydrogen in the presence of catalysts to give a variety of products, as indicated by the following discussion. 

All polysaccharide polymeis contain multiple hydroxyl substituents and carbon/oxygen linkages between monomers. While other similarities exist, these two groups are the location of almost all modifications. 

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