Other Contributors

The application of chemical engineering thermodynamics in the industrial world is the result of the experimental and theoretical contributions of a large number of individuals in addition to those already mentioned. 

Cardwell, D.S.L., 1911.From Watt to Clausius, the Rise of Thermodynamics in the Early Industrial Age, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y. 

Cardwell, D.S.L., 1983. In Springs of Scientific Creativity, Aris, R., Davis, H.T., Stuewer, R.H.,Eds, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN. (Copyright 1983 by the University of Minnesota, reprinted with permission.) 

Cleghom, W., 1779. Inaugural Dissertation at the University of Edinburgh, (as quoted by Hatsopoulos and Keenan, op. cit.). 

Denbigh, K. 1981. The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 

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I certainly do not want to minimize Kekule s major contributions to chemistry and their significance, but clearly there were—as is generally the case—other contributors who played a significant role and should be remembered. 

Of course there arc other contributors to the value of q besides the valence electrons. Additional effects are due to molecular interactions,22 induced quadrupole moments (Sternheimer, R. M., Phys. Rev. 105, 158, (1957), etc.)... 

The remainder of this paper can be restricted to coals of North America, since this is the area for which we have data and in any case other contributors to this collection will deal with the coals of their own areas. The first statement above needs qualification we ourselves have no liquefaction data on Canadian coals, but Ignasiak et al. (48) present some in this collection.Relying, as in the earlier part of this paper, on geological information, we can say that the strata of the North Great Plains and Rocky Mountain provinces continue north into Canada, as does the Pacific province. Nova Scotia contains some Carboniferous coals related to those in the Eastern province. 

A second point on which the authors in this anthology agree is that reductionism, as successful as it has been on a host of counts, is seriously inadequate. It must be supplemented with more holistic science. To understand nature in all its vicissitudes, methods from the most reductionist to the least reductionist must be used. Hence, anti-reductionists are forced, like it or not, to advocate pluralism. For example, Robert Williams concludes that We must not despise reductionism. However, it has to be put in a proper perspective . Too often reductionism and anti-reductionism are presented as if they are in diametric opposition when all that separates them is degree of emphasis. As Alfred Tauber observes, reductionism and holism cannot be defined in isolation from each other. An unsteady balance exists between the two. Holism and reductionism are inexorably coupled and cannot be defined independent of each other . As a result, like so many other contributors to this volume, he embraces a pluralistic approach . 

The preceding falls far short of conveying a true impression of the chemical skills of arthropods. Excluded from our discussion are the diverse signaling agents that mediate such vital insectan functions as food location, mate attraction, social bonding, and alarm communication. Other contributors to this colloquium address some of these topics. While... 

It will be shown below that the theory of /-cat polymerisations provides a self-consistent, widely applicable, and heuristically useful interpretation of the living polymerisations. An alternative theory, proposed by Matyjaszewski and Sigwalt [5-7], is applied to the living cationoid polymerisations by Matyjaszewski and several other contributors to this Symposium. 

Both authors and the editorial assistant have collaborated on each chapter there have been no other contributors. Since the authors are not expert in all areas, much research in journals, reviews and books has been undertaken. The challenge faced has therefore been the same as that faced by every student entering a field for the first time and for this reason the authors hope to have been better placed to clarify the biochemistry which underlies physiology and pathology. 

All posters should feature a title, your name, the name of the institution(s) where the research was performed, and should credit other contributors, as appropriate. 

With the discovery and disclosure of these events in the area of "High Tc Superconductivity", hundreds, if not thousands, of scientists actively became involved in research on these new materials. Newer materials and higher Tc s soon followed. The competition was fierce and the progress through 1987 and 1988 was moving at a rapid pace with numerous important discoveries. To date, the highest Tc is in the range of 110-125 K, some five times that obtained in 1973 on the revolutionary (A-15) intermetallic materials. These new copper -oxide systems, many of which will be described in detail by other contributors to this book, are presented in Table 10. 

In addition, aerosol particles have indirect effects. The most important of these is their effect on cloud properties, since clouds obviously also have major effects on climate. In addition, since heterogeneous chemistry can occur on aerosol particles (see Chapter 5), it is possible that such chemistry can alter the concentrations of other contributors to the climate system, such as the greenhouse gases. One example is the formation of N20 from reactions of HONO on the surface of aerosol particles (see Chapter 7.C). 

J. M. Malin and coworkers, and followed by a large number of other contributors to the field over the past two decades. 

An obvious deficiency in the present marker study is that practically none of the other sulfur-containing molecules, known to be positive contributors to cooked-beef flavor, are detectable by this extraction and FPD gas chromatographic method (2-11. 20). The fate of more of these other contributors to the blend of cooked-beef flavor should also be studied to gain a better perspective. However, this extraction method is simple to use and is recommended for its reproducibility and high recovery of useful markers. 

Finally, the authors of and other contributors to this book hope that it will be useful and that it will increase our understanding of the process of extrapolation in the ecological context as well as stimulate additional research into refining methods of extrapolation. We thank the American Chemistry Council for their support of this project. 

This second edition covers the problem of dry skin in a comprehensive, complete, systematic way, incorporating the voluminous amount of new knowledge that has so recently been acquired. All the major players in this consistently enlarging field are represented here along with many other contributors who are enriching our knowledge of the subject. 

It is often helpful to review Pourbaix diagrams in order to predict some of the side reactions. In his 1945 doctoral thesis, Marcel Pourbaix (1904-1998) examined the relationships between electrochemical potential and pH, correlating them in a two-dimensional plot called a predominance diagram (later also called a Pourbaix diagram). In 1966 the Centre Beige d Etude de la Corrison (CEBELCOR), with the help of many other contributors, compiled thermodynamic and structural data for virtually the entire periodic table in the Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions. 

Most scientists do quality research for one or both of two reasons first, they wish to satisfy their intense interest or curiosity in a certain field, or second, they see a financial or professional advancement from the successful completion of the work. Success in the second case almost guarantees success in the first. In science, success in the second case commonly is tied to recognition of the scientist as a generator of new ideas or techniques as indicated by first authorship on published talks or papers. The use of "Doe, et al." to cover several authors of a paper is an example of the downgrading of other contributors to a paper. There is no widely... 

We are much indebted to the authors of the different chapters, who are core members of the leadership group of McKinse/s chemical sector, for their creative contributions and the effort they have made to put all of this together. We would also like to thank all other contributors to the work who were not directly involved in producing the written version. 

Prices, hours of operation, amenities and conditions change over the course of time, and readers are advised to contact the locations prior to planning a visit. The restaurants, markets, shops and other businesses listed in this book have been reviewed over a period of time and reflect the personal experiences of the author and other contributors to this guide. The author, contributors, and publisher cannot be held responsible for the experiences of the reader with regard to the establishments listed herein. We welcome comments and suggestions from our readers for future editions. 

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